Semiconductor Quantum Dots Surface Modification for Potential Cancer Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications

Table 1

QD/microbead hybrid material preparation methods and their characteristics and biomedical applications.

Approaches	QDs	Characteristics or applications
		(1) Bead identification accuracies as high as 99.99%
	(a) CdSe/ZnS [51]	(2) The coding and target signals of DNA hybridization at the single-bead level
QDs are absorbed into the subsurface region of microbeads, as the solvent is removed		(1) Both single- and dual-color codes were also obtained
	(b) CdSeTe [52]	(2) Good detection sensitivity and low cytotoxicity on suspension immunoassay for goat antimouse IgG on the xMAP platform
QDs are electrostatically bound to the surfaces of the microspheres, using layer-by-layer strategy	(a) CdTe [53]	More flexibility for creating QD-beads in biomedicine applications (sensing, immunoassay, encoding, and diagnostic)
	(b) CdTe [54]	Cytotoxicity reductions
QDs grow around preformed silica spheres	CdSe, CdSe/ZnS, or CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS [55]	A comparatively stable and noncytotoxic intracellular delivery
QDs are incorporated into polymer microbeads through emulsion and suspension polymerization	(a) CdSe/ZnS [56]	Good detection sensitivity of rabbit IgG molecules onto the surfaces of the microbeads-QDs
	(b) Cd1−𝑥Zn𝑥Se1−𝑦S𝑦 [57]	High-throughput multiplexed biomolecular immunoassay for human IgG detection