Biphasic Osteogenic Characteristics of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cultured on TiO₂ Nanotubes of Different Diameters

Figure 5

Quantitative PCR analysis for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), and integrin-beta (INT-B) after 1 week and 2 weeks of incubation time. The graph shows the average ± standard deviation bars. *The data of experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group (𝑃<0.05).^xThe data of control group was significantly higher than that of experimental group (𝑃<0.05).**The data was significantly the highest among all groups (𝑃<0.05).

(a) 1 weeks of incubtion

(b) 2 weeks of incubtion