Applications and Nanotoxicity of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene in Biomedicine

Figure 1

Various orientations of CNTs grown using chemical vapor deposition on Si substrates: (a) entangled, randomly orientated CNTs; (b) vertically aligned CNTs; (c) dense “dandelion-like” CNT structure grown using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition on an etched, catalyst-free Si substrate. Details on the growth of similar structures can be found in [40].