Nafion Titania Nanotubes Nanocomposite Electrolytes for High-Temperature Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Table 1

Parameters for circuit elements evaluated by fitting data to the equivalent circuit and calculated conductivity for prepared composite membranes. The average calculated error is about 8%.

Samples	t ^a	R ^b	𝜎^c	P ^d	(𝜎/P)^e
	(cm)	(Ω)	(S/cm)	(cm^2·s^−1)	(s·S·cm^3)
Nafion	0.020	230	0.070	2×10^−8	3.5×10^6
N-0.5 wt% TNTs	0.022	210	0.072	2×10^−8	3.6×10^6
N-1.0 wt% TNTs	0.022	690	0.022	3×10^−8	7.0×10^5
N-2.0 wt% TNTs	0.021	1150	0.014	1×10^−8	1.0×10^6

^aThickness of the membrane, ^belectrolyte resistance, ^cproton conductivity, ^dmethanol permeability of nanocomposite membranes, ^eratio of proton conductivity and water/MeOH uptake measurements.