|
| Approach | Authors and year | Applications | Cell types | Materials | Delivery routes | Reference |
|
| Cell sheet engineering | Kikuchi and Okano, 2005
Matsuda et al., 2007
Shimizu et al., 2003
Masuda et al., 2008
Yang et al., 2007
Yang et al., 2006 | Severe heart failure, myocardial tissue reconstruction | (i) Chick embryo cardiomyocytes
(ii) Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes
(iii) Skeletal myoblasts
(iv) MSCs
(v) Coculture of cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells | Temperature-responsive culture dishes: PNIPAAm grafted to TCPS | (i) Transplantation into dorsal subcutaneous tissues
(ii) Direct transplantation into host damaged heart | [61–66] |
|
| Cell sheet fragments | Chen et al., 2007
Wang et al., 2008
Yeh et al., 2010 | MI | (i) Rat bone marrow MSCs
(ii) hAFSCs | Thermoresponsive MC hydrogel coated on TCPS dishes | Transplantation via direct intramyocardial injection | [67–69] |
|
| Tissue-bioengineered cardiac patches: scaffolds (biological or synthetic) laden with cell culture system | Piao et al., 2007
Wei et al., 2008
Huang et al., 2010
Chen et al., 2010 | Heart failure associated with MI | (i) Rat BMMNCs
(ii) Rat bone marrow MSCs
(iii) Cardiomyocytes differentiated from hESCs
(iv) Murine ESCs | (i) Porous acellular bovine pericardia
(ii) PGCL
(iii) PGS
(iv) Thermoresponsive MC hydrogel system coated on TCPS dishes | Implantation and suture over different infarcted areas | [70–73] |
|
(i) Cell sheets
(ii) Bioengineered patches
(iii) Hydrogels | Scudellari, 2009 | Heart diseases | (i) Skeletal myoblasts
(ii) BMCs
(iii) MSCs
(iv) Cardiac stem cells
(v) ESCs
(vi) iPS | (i) Biomaterials
(ii) Biological constructs | (i) Direct injection into the heart muscle
(ii) Percutaneous injection catheter-based delivery | [74] |
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