Nanoscaffolds for Guided Cardiac Repair: The New Therapeutic Challenge of Regenerative Medicine

Table 3

Biomaterials for MI treatment reported in literature, in the last decade.

Biomaterial	Delivery strategies	Reference
Naturally derived materials
Alginate	Injectable	[80]
	3D scaffold	[76–79]
Chitosan	Injectable	[77]
	Patches	[78, 79]
Collagen	Injectable	[80]
	3D scaffold	[76]
	Patches	[77, 78]
Extracellular matrix	Injectable	[76]
	Patches	[79]
Fibrin and fibrin glue	Injectable	[76]
	3D scaffold	[77–79]
Gelatin	Injectable	[76, 77]
Silk fibroin	Patches	[77]
Synthetic materials
PEG	Injectable	[76]
	Films	[78]
PLA	3D scaffold	[76, 77, 80]
PGA	3D scaffold	[76, 77, 80]
PLGA	3D scaffold	[76, 77, 80]
PU	3D sheet	[76, 77]
PEU	3D scaffold	[77]
PEUU	3D scaffold	[76]
	Patches	[77]
TMC	Films	[76]
PTMC	Films	[77]
DLLA	Films	[76]
PNIPAAm	Cell sheet	[76]
	Injectable	[78]
PGCL	Patches	[76]
PGS	3D scaffold	[77]
PCL	Patches	[77]
Self-assembling peptides	Injectable	[78, 79]
Other synthetic hydrogels	Injectable	[79]
Composites materials
𝜀-Caprolactone-co-L-lactide reinforced with PCLA, gelatin or PGA	Patches	[80]
PEUU with type I collagen	3D scaffold	[76]
Poly(caprolactone) with type I collagen	3D scaffold	[76]
Decellularized materials
Urinary bladder matrix, SIS	Injectable	[78]
Porcine ventricular and pericardial tissue	Patches	[78]

MTE: myocardial tissue engineering; 3D: three dimensional; PEG: poly(ethylene glycol); PLA: poly(lactic acid); PGA: poly(glycolic acid); PLGA: poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); PU: polyurethane; PEU: polyester urethane; PEUU: Poly(ester urethane) urea; TMC: 1,3-trimethylene carbonate; PTMC: poly(1,3-trimethylene carbonate); DLLA: D,L-lactide; PNIPAAm: poly(N-isopropylacrylamide); PGCL: poly-co-caprolactone; PGS: poly(glycerol sebacate); PCL: poly(ε-caprolactone); PCLA: poly(L-lactide); SIS: small intestine submucosa.