Enhanced Ca²⁺ Entry and Tyrosine Phosphorylation Mediate Nanostructure-Induced Endothelial Proliferation

Figure 6

Sensitivity of endothelial proliferation on ripples and wall structures to kinase inhibitors, and Gd³⁺ Bar graphs represent the nuclear immunofluorescence intensity levels of the proliferation marker Ki67. Cells were grown on the indicated substrate and incubated for 6 h at 37°C with 50 nM PP2, 3 μM dasatinib (DB), 2 μM imatinib (IB), 10 μM Gd³⁺ (Gd), or without inhibitor for control (Values ± SEM; 𝑛≥120 from 3 independent experiments, calculated from 3 different images of each experiment; ^∗𝑃<0.05; ^∗∗𝑃<0.001 compared to CTRL) (representative confocal images of HMEC immunolabeled with an antibody against Ki67 are shown in Supplementary Figure 3).