Improved Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using a Diethyldithiocarbamate-Modified TiO₂ Surface

Figure 1

XPS spectra of the 2p core-level of sulfur in (a) ammonium diethyldithiocarbamate (ADEDTC) powder, (b) ADEDTC-treated TiO₂ surface (20 min), (c) ADEDTC-treated TiO₂ surface (40 min), and (d) ADEDTC-treated TiO₂ surface (60 min).