Effect of Calcination Temperature on Structural Properties and Photocatalytic Activity of Ceria Nanoparticles Synthesized Employing Chitosan as Template

Table 2

Measured interplanar spacing (𝑑) from selected area diffraction pattern in Figure 3, compared with reference values (standard data JCPDS: 34-0394) of different cerium oxide forms.

Calcined sample CeO2 (Å)			Standard data JCPDS: 34-0394 (Å)
350°C	650°C	960°C	CeO2	CeO	CeO2−𝑥	Ce2O3	Ce
3.119	3.099	3.124	3.124 (111)	2.938 (111)	3.39 (222)	2.945 (0111)	2.97 (111)
2.696	2.687	2.705	2.706 (200)	2.544 (200)	2.06 (044)	2.254 (1012)	2.57 (200)
1.917	1.904	1.913	1.913 (220)	1.799 (220)	1.65 (543)	1.945 (1120)	1.82 (220)
1.632	1.623	1.631	1.632 (311)	1.534 (311)		1.733 (1013)	1.55 (311)
1.562	1.556	1.561	1.561 (222)			1.637 (1122)