Ultrasonication Technique: A Method for Dispersing Nanoclay in Wood Adhesives

Figure 7

AFM images of pure PVA and its composites with different nanoclay loadings: (a) pure PVA, (b) 1% nanoclay, (c) 2% nanoclay, and (d) 4% nanoclay.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)