Spark Plasma Sintering and Densification Mechanisms of Antimony-Doped Tin Oxide Nanoceramics

Table 1

Lattice parameters and density data of the sintered ATO nanoceramics.

Sample	𝑎=𝑏 (Å)	𝑐 (Å)	𝑉 (Å^3)	𝑑theor (g/cm^3)	𝑑exp (g/cm^3)	𝑑rel (%)
Pure SnO2^†	4.7382	3.1871	71.552	6.993	6.599	94.4
1 at. % Sb	4.7405	3.1898	71.682	6.987	6.71	96.1
3 at. % Sb	4.7468	3.1905	71.89	6.95	6.73	96.8
5 at. % Sb	4.7486	3.1955	72.057	6.944	6.889	99.2
10 at. % Sb	4.749	3.221	72.622	6.89	6.732	97.7

𝑉is the volume of the ATO crystal lattice, 𝑑_theor is the theoretic density calculated by the lattice parameters, 𝑑_exp is the experimental density tested by the Archimedes method, and 𝑑_rel is the relative density calculated as 𝑑_exp/𝑑_theor.
^†Pure SnO₂: JCPDS Card number 41-1445.