Surface Nanocrystallization of 3Cr13 Stainless Steel Induced by High-Current Pulsed Electron Beam Irradiation

Figure 4

TEM images showing the aspects of the melted surface layer of the 3Cr13 steel, (a) untreated, (b) treated with 5 pulses, (c) treated with 10 pulses, and (d) the corresponding electron diffraction pattern of (c).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)