Fabrication of Orderly Copper Particle Arrays on a Multi-Electrolyte-Step Anodic Aluminum Oxide Template

Table 1

The standard deviations and periods of nano-channel arrays produced at 120–150 V by the one-step, five-step, and MES processes.

Bias	One-step	Five-step	MES
120 V	202±92 nm	213±22 nm	233±18 nm
130 V	232±54 nm	282±25 nm	256±17 nm
140 V	261±84 nm	332±15 nm	292±15 nm
150 V	280±31 nm	358±19 nm	312±23 nm