Influences of Stacking Architectures of TiO₂ Nanoparticle Layers on Characteristics of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Figure 2

AFM images of the various TiO₂ nanoparticle films (6 μm thick): (a) T20, (b) T37, (c) D20, and (d) RSP.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)