Melatonin Nanoparticles Adsorbed to Polyethylene Glycol Microspheres as Activators of Human Colostrum Macrophages

Table 1

Superoxide anion release from phagocytes in human colostrum mononuclear cells.

Phagocytes MN colostrum	Bacteria EPEC	Superoxide anion release (nmol)
Spontaneous	Absent	1.22 ± 0.25
	Present	1.01 ± 0.24
Cell + PEG	Absent	1.50 ± 0.19
	Present	1.41 ± 0.31
Cell + MLT	Absent	3.47 ± 0.69^*#
	Present	2.74 ± 0.37^*+
Cell + PEG + MLT	Absent	2.35 ± 0.42^*#
	Present	1.96 ± 0.55^*+

The mononuclear cells were incubated with melatonin. In the controls assays, the mononuclear cells were preincubated with PBS. ^∗𝑃<0.05: comparing the treated and nontreated cells (without bacteria); ^#𝑃<0.05: comparing the different treatments (PBS, melatonin (MLT), and polyethylene glycol (PEG)) without bacteria; ⁺𝑃<0.05: comparing the different treatments (PBS, MLT, and PEG) with bacteria.