Comparison of Physicochemical Properties of Nano- and Microsized Crystals in the Urine of Calcium Oxalate Stone Patients and Control Subjects

Table 1

Properties comparison of urinary crystallites filtered through membranes with different pore sizes from ten CaOx calculi patients and ten healthy controls.

Membranes pore sizes/μm	0.22	0.45	1.2	3	10
Calculi patients (𝑛=10)
Average size by NSA^*1/nm	282±120	373±134	656±235	1624±462	2953±730
Average size by TEM/nm		120±108	250±210	460±376
Zeta potential^*2/mV	−4.42±0.96	−5.78±0.82	−6.67±0.95	−8±0.91	−8.82±1.17
Healthy controls (𝑛=10)
Average size by NSA^*1/nm	216±102	307±100	445±140	764±221	1010±309
Average size by TEM/nm		120±49	180±79	250±121
Zeta potential^*2/mV	−7.52±0.56	−9.00±0.60	−10.11±0.69	−10.52±1.12	−12.12±2.11

∗1These data were obtained from Figure 1(a), which detected using nanoparticle size analyzer.
∗2The data were obtained from Figure 1(d).