| Dental
materials | PMMA | Ceramics | Metal | |
ZrO2 Al2O3 glass ceramic | Ti6Al4V CoCrMo CoCr |
| | Advantage | Good biocompatibility, aesthetics processability, and reparability [3] | High strength, suitable color, and low thermal and electrical conductivity [21] | Titanium alloy has high strength, low density, light weight, low shrinkage, nonmagnetic, good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, and nonallergic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic. CoCr alloy has high strength, wear resistance, and less tooth tissue cutting, with good biological safety
CoCrMo has good corrosion resistance, wear resistance, ductility, gloss, anti-plaque adhesion and biosafety |
| | Disadvantage | Poor strength, low fracture resistance radiopacity behavior, and microbial adhesion [2, 4, 18, 20] | Low ductility and brittleness [21] | Further improvement is desired to improve the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of the Ti and CoCrMo alloy
CoCr alloy easily leads to sensitive symptoms |
| | Nanoresearch | TiO2 nanoparticle reinforced the mechanical behavior of PMMA [17]
Well-dispersion nano-ZrO2 particles can improve the modulus and strength and maintain or even improve ductility [17]
Ag TiO2 and Fe2O3 particles significantly reduce adherence of C. albicans of PMMA and do not affect metabolism or proliferation [22–24] | The hardness and fracture toughness increased of nanozirconia ceramics [25]
Glass ceramics with nanosized grains showed excellent corrosion resistance, high fracture toughness, and translucency [26] |
Nanophase metals (specifically, Ti, Ti6Al4V, and CoCrMo alloys) promote osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization [27–29] |
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