Electrohydrodynamic Processing of p-Type Transparent Conducting Oxides

Figure 3

SEM microstructures of electrosprayed CuAlO₂: (a) as-sprayed without heat treatment from tilt view; (b) spray rate, 0.1 mL/h, electrical field, 500 V/cm, and spray time, 5 min; (c) spray rate, 0.5 mL/h, electrical field, 500 V/cm, and spray time, 10 min; (d) spray rate, 0.5 mL/h, electrical field, 1000 V/cm, and spray time, 15 min; (e) spray rate, 0.5 mL/h, electrical field, 1000 V/cm, and spray time, 30 min, with cross section image shown in (f).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)