Sol-Gel Derived Eu³⁺-Doped Gd₂Ti₂O₇ Pyrochlore Nanopowders

Table 1

Characteristic vibrational modes obtained from FTIR measurements.

Functional group	Region (cm^−1)	Comments
-OH stretching vibration	3600–3000	From water
Aliphatic C-H stretching vibration	3000–2800	From isopropoxide
O-N=O asymmetrical stretching	~1650	From nitrates
Asymmetrical and symmetrical CH3 deformation vibrations	1450–1350	From isopropoxide
CH(CH3)2 skeletal vibrations	1170–880	From isopropoxide
N-O stretching vibrations	~800	From nitrates
CO2	2400–2300	Inevitable in the atmosphere