Research Article
Iterative Cellular Screening System for Nanoparticle Safety Testing
Figure 5
Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing of NIH-3T3 cells (a, b) and A549 cells (c, d) to monitor nanoparticle toxicity. The cells were grown to confluence before nanoparticle exposure. Dynamic changes in the impedance signal of NIH-3T3 cells to 0 and 20 μg/mL suspensions of ZnO-NP (a) or TiO2-NP (b) are displayed. For A549 cells the effect of 40 μg/mL of ZnO-NP (c) and TiO2-NP (d) was investigated. Cell-free medium with nanoparticles was used as reference. The measurements were performed with a 16 kHz ac source. The time point for nanoparticle addition is indicated with the black arrow. Data points are means ± SD for .
| (a) NIH-3T3 cells |
| (b) NIH-3T3 cells |
| (c) A549 cells |
| (d) A549 cells |