Evaluation of Samarium Doped Hydroxyapatite, Ceramics for Medical Application: Antimicrobial Activity

<div>The TEM images at low resolution of Sm:HAp with <svg height="9.25658pt" id="M48" style="vertical-align:-3.295671pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 19.8016 9.25658" width="19.8016pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M536 404C536 423 520 448 491 448C445 448 398 404 308 283L286 338C255 416 242 448 217 448C182 448 138 402 92 341L111 321C149 368 169 378 178 378C188 378 198 363 214 320L254 212C185 117 138 65 107 65C98 65 85 69 82 75C79 82 73 86 65 86C44 86 23 60 23 39C23 7 44 -12 71 -12C119 -12 168 33 265 177L306 61C321 17 347 -12 373 -12C413 -12 465 33 507 96L491 119C459 84 432 60 413 60C395 60 378 92 358 148L321 250C341 279 369 310 389 332C417 363 439 382 456 382C466 382 475 376 481 368C486 361 492 358 496 358C513 358 536 381 536 404Z" id="g113-121"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="559" vert-adv-y="559"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.202,3.132)"><path d="M416 501L399 642C356 655 314 665 271 665C140 665 63 582 63 486C63 372 163 325 229 290C304 250 359 217 359 142C359 70 316 25 240 25C138 25 94 125 78 186L44 178C52 123 64 45 72 21C81 16 96 8 121 0S179 -15 220 -15C353 -15 445 68 445 176C445 289 350 335 270 375C191 414 143 449 143 520C143 572 177 627 253 627C340 627 366 556 382 495L416 501Z" id="g58-81"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="484" vert-adv-y="484"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,11.542,3.132)"><path d="M810 0V30C751 35 744 40 744 106V296C744 396 694 451 614 451C583 451 558 438 537 425C512 409 485 391 454 368C434 420 390 451 342 451C309 451 285 439 260 424C228 405 206 387 185 372V453C141 434 90 421 43 413V386C102 378 105 373 105 309V106C105 41 96 35 29 30V0H243V30C194 35 185 41 185 106V335C216 360 256 389 297 389C357 389 384 348 384 275V106C384 41 374 35 312 30V0H530V30C475 35 465 41 465 104V294C465 313 464 324 463 336C502 367 539 389 576 389C637 389 663 346 663 274V109C663 41 653 35 593 30V0H810Z" id="g58-107"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="834" vert-adv-y="834"></glyph.data></g></svg> = 0 (a), <svg height="9.25658pt" id="M49" style="vertical-align:-3.295671pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 19.8016 9.25658" width="19.8016pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M536 404C536 423 520 448 491 448C445 448 398 404 308 283L286 338C255 416 242 448 217 448C182 448 138 402 92 341L111 321C149 368 169 378 178 378C188 378 198 363 214 320L254 212C185 117 138 65 107 65C98 65 85 69 82 75C79 82 73 86 65 86C44 86 23 60 23 39C23 7 44 -12 71 -12C119 -12 168 33 265 177L306 61C321 17 347 -12 373 -12C413 -12 465 33 507 96L491 119C459 84 432 60 413 60C395 60 378 92 358 148L321 250C341 279 369 310 389 332C417 363 439 382 456 382C466 382 475 376 481 368C486 361 492 358 496 358C513 358 536 381 536 404Z" id="g113-121"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="559" vert-adv-y="559"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.202,3.132)"><path d="M416 501L399 642C356 655 314 665 271 665C140 665 63 582 63 486C63 372 163 325 229 290C304 250 359 217 359 142C359 70 316 25 240 25C138 25 94 125 78 186L44 178C52 123 64 45 72 21C81 16 96 8 121 0S179 -15 220 -15C353 -15 445 68 445 176C445 289 350 335 270 375C191 414 143 449 143 520C143 572 177 627 253 627C340 627 366 556 382 495L416 501Z" id="g58-81"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="484" vert-adv-y="484"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,11.542,3.132)"><path d="M810 0V30C751 35 744 40 744 106V296C744 396 694 451 614 451C583 451 558 438 537 425C512 409 485 391 454 368C434 420 390 451 342 451C309 451 285 439 260 424C228 405 206 387 185 372V453C141 434 90 421 43 413V386C102 378 105 373 105 309V106C105 41 96 35 29 30V0H243V30C194 35 185 41 185 106V335C216 360 256 389 297 389C357 389 384 348 384 275V106C384 41 374 35 312 30V0H530V30C475 35 465 41 465 104V294C465 313 464 324 463 336C502 367 539 389 576 389C637 389 663 346 663 274V109C663 41 653 35 593 30V0H810Z" id="g58-107"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="834" vert-adv-y="834"></glyph.data></g></svg> = 0.02 (b), and <svg height="9.25658pt" id="M50" style="vertical-align:-3.295671pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 19.8016 9.25658" width="19.8016pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M536 404C536 423 520 448 491 448C445 448 398 404 308 283L286 338C255 416 242 448 217 448C182 448 138 402 92 341L111 321C149 368 169 378 178 378C188 378 198 363 214 320L254 212C185 117 138 65 107 65C98 65 85 69 82 75C79 82 73 86 65 86C44 86 23 60 23 39C23 7 44 -12 71 -12C119 -12 168 33 265 177L306 61C321 17 347 -12 373 -12C413 -12 465 33 507 96L491 119C459 84 432 60 413 60C395 60 378 92 358 148L321 250C341 279 369 310 389 332C417 363 439 382 456 382C466 382 475 376 481 368C486 361 492 358 496 358C513 358 536 381 536 404Z" id="g113-121"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="559" vert-adv-y="559"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.202,3.132)"><path d="M416 501L399 642C356 655 314 665 271 665C140 665 63 582 63 486C63 372 163 325 229 290C304 250 359 217 359 142C359 70 316 25 240 25C138 25 94 125 78 186L44 178C52 123 64 45 72 21C81 16 96 8 121 0S179 -15 220 -15C353 -15 445 68 445 176C445 289 350 335 270 375C191 414 143 449 143 520C143 572 177 627 253 627C340 627 366 556 382 495L416 501Z" id="g58-81"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="484" vert-adv-y="484"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,11.542,3.132)"><path d="M810 0V30C751 35 744 40 744 106V296C744 396 694 451 614 451C583 451 558 438 537 425C512 409 485 391 454 368C434 420 390 451 342 451C309 451 285 439 260 424C228 405 206 387 185 372V453C141 434 90 421 43 413V386C102 378 105 373 105 309V106C105 41 96 35 29 30V0H243V30C194 35 185 41 185 106V335C216 360 256 389 297 389C357 389 384 348 384 275V106C384 41 374 35 312 30V0H530V30C475 35 465 41 465 104V294C465 313 464 324 463 336C502 367 539 389 576 389C637 389 663 346 663 274V109C663 41 653 35 593 30V0H810Z" id="g58-107"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="834" vert-adv-y="834"></glyph.data></g></svg> = 0.05 (c). The SAED analysis of Sm:HAp with <svg height="9.25658pt" id="M51" style="vertical-align:-3.295671pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 19.8016 9.25658" width="19.8016pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M536 404C536 423 520 448 491 448C445 448 398 404 308 283L286 338C255 416 242 448 217 448C182 448 138 402 92 341L111 321C149 368 169 378 178 378C188 378 198 363 214 320L254 212C185 117 138 65 107 65C98 65 85 69 82 75C79 82 73 86 65 86C44 86 23 60 23 39C23 7 44 -12 71 -12C119 -12 168 33 265 177L306 61C321 17 347 -12 373 -12C413 -12 465 33 507 96L491 119C459 84 432 60 413 60C395 60 378 92 358 148L321 250C341 279 369 310 389 332C417 363 439 382 456 382C466 382 475 376 481 368C486 361 492 358 496 358C513 358 536 381 536 404Z" id="g113-121"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="559" vert-adv-y="559"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.202,3.132)"><path d="M416 501L399 642C356 655 314 665 271 665C140 665 63 582 63 486C63 372 163 325 229 290C304 250 359 217 359 142C359 70 316 25 240 25C138 25 94 125 78 186L44 178C52 123 64 45 72 21C81 16 96 8 121 0S179 -15 220 -15C353 -15 445 68 445 176C445 289 350 335 270 375C191 414 143 449 143 520C143 572 177 627 253 627C340 627 366 556 382 495L416 501Z" id="g58-81"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="484" vert-adv-y="484"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,11.542,3.132)"><path d="M810 0V30C751 35 744 40 744 106V296C744 396 694 451 614 451C583 451 558 438 537 425C512 409 485 391 454 368C434 420 390 451 342 451C309 451 285 439 260 424C228 405 206 387 185 372V453C141 434 90 421 43 413V386C102 378 105 373 105 309V106C105 41 96 35 29 30V0H243V30C194 35 185 41 185 106V335C216 360 256 389 297 389C357 389 384 348 384 275V106C384 41 374 35 312 30V0H530V30C475 35 465 41 465 104V294C465 313 464 324 463 336C502 367 539 389 576 389C637 389 663 346 663 274V109C663 41 653 35 593 30V0H810Z" id="g58-107"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="834" vert-adv-y="834"></glyph.data></g></svg> = 0.02 (d).</div>

Journal of Nanomaterials

fig2

Figure 2

Figure 2: Evaluation of Samarium Doped Hydroxyapatite, Ceramics for Medical Application: Antimicrobial Activity 