Comparative Studies on Thermal Performance of Conic Cut Twist Tape Inserts with SiO₂ and TiO₂ Nanofluids

Table 3

Technical details of experimental setup and test conditions.

Setup and conditions	Description
(A) Experimental setup
(a) Inner tube inner diameter (di)	25.40 mm
(b) Outer tube inner diameter (do)	33.35 mm
(c) Test tube length	1800 mm
(d) Material of inner tube	Stainless steel 304L
(f) Insulation material	Asbestos rope and glass wool
(g) Temperature measurements	RTD Pt 100 type (±0.75% accuracy)
(h) Flow measurements	TDS-100H ultrasonic flowmeter (±0.1% accuracy)
(i) Pressure measurement	DMP3051 differential pressure transmitter (±0.2% accuracy)
(k) Heater capacity	3 KW
(B) Typical twisted tape (TT)
(a) Material	Aluminium
(b) Tape width ()	24.5 mm
(c) Tape thickness	0.8 mm
(d) Tape pitch length (, 360°)	75 mm
(e) Twist ratio ( = /di)	2.93
(C) Conic cut twisted tape
(a) Material	Aluminium
(b) Tape width ()	24.5 mm
(c) Tape thickness	0.8 mm
(d) Tape pitch length (, 360°)	75 mm
(e) Twist ratio ( = /di)	2.93
(f) Quadrant cut twist tape (QCT)	= 5 mm, de = 5 mm
(g) Parabolic cut twist tape (PCT)	= 5.89 mm, de = 5 mm
(h) Triangular cut twist tape (VCT)	= 7.85 mm, de = 5 mm
(D) Test conditions
(a) Reynolds number, (Re)	200 to 1500
(b) Type of flow in inner tube	Laminar