On-Site Surface Functionalization for Titanium Dental Implant with Nanotopography: Review and Outlook

Figure 2

On-site dental titanium implant fixture functionalization method for clinical application. (a) Surgical preparation in missing tooth site before dental titanium fixture implantation with opening periodontal soft tissue from alveolar bone. (b) On-site functionalization treatment (i.e., LLLT) on dental titanium fixture. (c) Dental titanium fixture implantation on alveolar bone.

(a)

(b)

(c)