On-Site Surface Functionalization for Titanium Dental Implant with Nanotopography: Review and Outlook

Table 1

Advantages and disadvantages of on-site surface functionalization for Ti dental implant.

	Advantages	Disadvantages
NTAPP	Superhydrophilicity	Safety issues
	Preservation of microtopography/nanotopography	Lack of in vivo and clinical data for help of osseointegration
	Short treatment time (less than 1 minute)	Lack of safety data
	Decontamination effect
	Antifouling effect
	Increase of periodontal tissue healing and sealing with implant
	A lot of in vitro data
UV	Hydrophilicity, superhydrophilicity depending on the treatment time	Long treatment time (few hours)
	Preservation of microtopography/nanotopography	Lack of clinical data as on-site treatment method
	Relatively good clinical safety	Possible damage to soft tissue
	Decontamination effect
	Antifouling effect
	A lot of in vitro and in vivo data
LLLT	Hydrophilicity	Long treatment time (few hours)
	Preservation of microtopography/nanotopography	Lack of data for help of osseointegration
	Great clinical safety with safety instrument	Lack of cellular mechanism