Review Article
A Review on Properties, Opportunities, and Challenges of Transformer Oil-Based Nanofluids
Table 4
Results for positive and negative impulse breakdown voltages and time to breakdown for mineral oil and corresponding nanofluids.
| Oils | Gap distance (mm) (+/−) | Breakdown voltage (kV) | Time to breakdown (µs) | Streamer velocity (km/s) | Remarks | Positive | Negative | Positive | Negative | Positive | Negative |
| U-60 | 25.4/25.4 | 86 | 170 | 12 | 27 | 2.12 | 0.94 | [5] | U-60-Fe3O4 nanofluid | 25.4/25.4 | 157 | 154 | 26 | 15 | 0.98 | 1.70 | Nytro | 25.4/25.4 | 88 | 177 | 16 | 23 | 1.58 | 1.10 | Nytro-Fe3O4 nanofluid | 25.4/25.4 | 156 | 173 | 25 | 17 | 1.016 | 1.49 | U-60 | 55/55 | 225 | 340 | 25 | 28 | 2.2 | 1.96 | U-60-Fe3O4 nanofluid | 55/55 | 390 | 321 | 46 | 32 | 1.19 | 1.71 |
| Mineral oil | 25/25 | 77.6 | — | 15.2 | — | 1.64 | — | [34] | TiO2 nanofluid | 25 | 95.9 | — | 23.3 | — | 1.07 | — |
| Mineral oil | 25/25 | 86 | 170 | 12 | 27 | 2.12 | 0.94 | [35] | Fe3O4 nanofluid | — | 157 | 154 | 26 | 15 | 0.98 | 1.69 | SiO2 nanofluid | — | 156 | 163 | 17 | 26 | 1.44 | 2.87 |
| Mineral oil | 25/15 | 79.38 | 124.75 | 12.87 | 14.26 | 1.94 | 1.05 | [29] | Fe3O4 nanofluid | 25/15 | 108.5 | 106.3 | 25.33 | 11.03 | 0.98 | 1.36 |
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Univolt 60 Exxon mineral oil. Nytro 10x mineral oil. The standard deviation was 5% for the breakdown voltages and 20% for the breakdown times.
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