Improved Bonding Strength of Hydroxyapatite on Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Arrays following Alkaline Pretreatment for Orthopedic Implants

<table class="table-group" id="tab1"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Parameter</td><td class="align_center">Morphology</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left" rowspan="3">(i) 5°C to 25°C<br/>At the same voltage</td><td class="align_center">TW not changed</td></tr><tr><td class="align_center">TD ↑</td></tr><tr><td class="align_center">TL ↑</td></tr><tr><td class="align_center" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left" rowspan="3">(ii) +20 V to +35 V<br/>At the same temperature<br/>A constant voltage of −4 V</td><td class="align_center">TW not changed</td></tr><tr><td class="align_center">TD ↑</td></tr><tr><td class="align_center">TL ↑</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="2"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

The relationship between anodization parameters: (i) increasing the system temperature from 5°C to 25°C and (ii) increasing positive voltages from +20 V to +35 V, with the formation of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotube arrays in terms of tube width and diameter. “TW” represents tube width, “TD” tube diameter, and “TL” tube length.

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Table 1

Table 1: Improved Bonding Strength of Hydroxyapatite on Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Arrays following Alkaline Pretreatment for Orthopedic Implants 