Breaking Barriers in Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Plant-Mediated Metal/Metal Oxide/Bimetallic Nanoparticles: Antibacterial, Anticancer, Mechanism Elucidation, and Versatile Utilizations

Table 2

Biological activity of green synthesized MONPs.

Synthesized NPs	Plant extract/method used	Tested pathogens/cells	Biological application	References
Ag and Cu doped Bi2O3 NPs	Biebersteinia multifida extract	P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and U87, 3T3 cancer cell lines	Antibacterial, anticancer activity	[167]
δ-Bi2O3 NPs	Crinum viviparum flower extract	Inhibition of protein (NDM-1) PDB ID 5XP9	Photocatalytic dye degradation	[168]
CeO2 NPs	Cannabis sativa L. extract	S. enteridis, E. coli, B. subtilis, S. aureus, and MCF7, MDA-MB-231, hTERT-HME1 cancer cell lines	Antimicrobial, anticancer activity	[169]
CeO2 NPs	Scoparia dulsis L. extract	A549 cancer cell line	Anticancer activity	[170]
CeO2 NPs	Polygonum bistorta L. root extract	L. tropica	Bactericidal, antioxidant activity	[171]
CeO2 NPs	Acacia concinna fruit extract	S. pneumoniae and E. coli	Antimicrobial activity	[172]
Ce-doped Bi2O3	Pilea microphylla leaves extract	Water splitting	Electrocatalyst activity	[173]
Co-doped Bi2O3	A. sativum L.	B. subtilis, S. epidermidis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, C. krusei, and HepG2, A549 cancer cell lines	Antimicrobial, anticancer activity	[174]
Co-doped ZnO NPs	Prosopis fractal leaves extract	S. aureus, E. coli, and MCF7 cell line	Antimicrobia, cytotoxicity activity	[175]
CuO NPs	Padina boergesenii	B. subtilis, E. coli, and A375 cancer cells	Antibacterial, anticancer activity	[176]
CuO NPs	B. monnieri leaf extract	H. bizzozeronii	Antibacterial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory activity	[177]
CuO NPs	Spirulina platensis (blue green algae)	A549, HCT, and Hep2 cell line	Anticancer activity	[178]
Cu-doped NiO NPs	Cullen tomentosum plant extract	B. subtilis, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and MDA-MB-231 cell line	Antibacterial and Anticancer activity	[179]
FeO NPs	Curcumin extract	E. coli, K. pneumoniae	Antibacterial activity	[180]
MgO NPs	A. sativum L	S. epidermidis, E. coli, C. albicans, and HepG2, A549 cell lines	Anticancer activity	[181]
MgO NPs	Mangifera indica, A. indica and C. papaya leaf extracts	E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa	Antibacterial activity	[182]
NiO NPs	Cleome simplicifolia leaves extract	DZNU-Bm-17 and Labeo rohita liver cells	Cytotoxicity study	[183]
NiO NPs	Elaeagnus angustifolia	HUH7 and HEP-G2 cancer cells	Anticancer activity	[184]
NiO NPs	Marsdenia tenacissima leaf extract	A549 and H1299 cancer cells	Anticancer activity	[185]
NiO NPs	Sesbania grandiflora flower extract	MM2 and HeLa cancer cells	Anticancer activity	[186]
TiO2 NPs	L. acutangula	E. Coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, E. faecalis, and B. subtilis, S. rolfsii	Antibacterial, antifungal, and antimicrobial activity	[187, 188]
B-TiO2 NPs	Sol–gel process (flask shaking method)	S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans	Antibacterial, bactericidal activity	[189]
TiO2 NPs	M. fragrans seed extract	S. aureus and K. pneumonia	Photocatalytic activity, antibacterial property	[190]
TiO2 NPs	Laser ablation	E. coli and S. aureus	Antibacterial activity	[191]
TiO2 NPs	Combined with antibiotic	P. aeruginosa	Antibacterial activity	[192]
TiO2 NPs	Iranian propolis extracts	Oral bacteria and fibroblast cells	Antimicrobial activity	[184]
Ag-doped TiO2 NPs	Calcination and Electrospinning method	S. aureus and S. albany	Antibacterial activity	[193]
TiO2 NPs	Fruit peel	E. coli, S. aureus, P. aerugenosa, and B. Subtilis	Antibacterial, antioxidant activity	[194]
TiO2 NPs	A. indica	E. coli, S. typhi, B. subtilis, and K. pneumoniae	Antimicrobial activity	[195]
TiO2 NPs	Guar gum	E. coli and S. aureus	Wound healing activity	[196]
TiO2 NPs	Sonochemical process	P. aeruginosa	Antibacterial and antiviral activity	[197]
TiO2 NPs	Electrochemical method	E. coli and S. aureus	Antibacterial activity	[198]
r-GO/TiO2 NC	Moringa olefera stick extract	DPPH	Radical scavenging activity	[199]
ZnO NPs	Fennel seeds extract	Cryptococcus sp., S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, C. parapsilosis, and MCF-7 cells	Antitumor activity	[200]
ZnO NPs	Desertifilum species (cyano bacterium strain)	S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa	Antibacterial, anticancer, and antibiofilm activity	[201]
ZnO NPs	Peel of P. granatum and chemical synthesis	S. aureus, K. pneumonia, and P. aeruginosa	Antibacterial, cytotoxicity activity	[202]
ZnO NPs	6-pentyl α pyrone lactone (green fungal metabolite)	Enterobacterales sp.	Antimicrobial activity, effective against UTI	[203]
ZnO NPs	Leaf extract of P. guajava	B. cereus, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, and E. coli	Antimicrobial activity	[204]
ZnO NPs	A. marmelos fruit extract	C. cornuta	Antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity	[205]
ZnO NPs	Pongamia pinnate leaves	P. aeruginosa	Antibacterial activity	[206]
ZnO NPs	Streptomyces sp.	E. coli and B. subtilis.	Anticancer, antimicrobial activity	[207]
ZnO NPs	Bauhinia racemosa	P. vulgarus, E. coli, S. aureus, and K. pneumoniae	Antibacterial activity	[208]
Au and ZnO NPs	Fusarium chlamydosporum	E. coli and P. aeruginosa	Antibacterial anticancer activity	[209]
ZnO NSs	Aspidopterys cordata leaf extract	P. vulgaris, E. coli, K. pneumonia, and S. aureus	Antibacterial, antioxidant activity	[210]
ZnO and MgO	Z. officinale and Glycyrrhiza roots extract	S. aureus, B. subtilis, L. innocua, P. aeruginosa, and S. typhimurium	Antibacterial activity	[211]
rGO ZnO NH	Clerodendrum infortunatum leaf extract	DPPH free radicals	Radical scavenging activity	[212]
ZrO NPs	Annona reticulata leaf extract	S. enterica serotype typhi	Antibacterial activity	[213]
ZrO NPs	Azadirachta indicia extract	E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, B. subtilis C. albicans, and A. niger	Antibacterial activity	[214]
ZrO NPs	Andrographis paniculate leaf extract	A549 and HCT116 cancer cell lines	Anticancer activity	[215]