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BMNPs forms | Synthesized NPs | Extract (plant/microbe/algae/fungi) | Size (nm)/shape | Tested (pathogens/cancer cells) | Biological activity | References |
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Zr-based | Zr NFs | Enicostemma littorale plant extract | 8−15 nm/tetragonal | A431 cell line | Anticancer activity | [272] |
Ag-based | Ag-Au BMNPs | Rhodopseudomonas faecalis extract | 31.71–153.7 nm | HT-29 and MCF cancer cells | Anticancer activity | [273] |
Ag-based | Ag/CeO2 | Morinda tinctoria plant extract | 21 nm and 17 nm/spherical shape | E. coli and S. aureus | Antibacterial activity | [274] |
Ag-based | Ag-Cr BMNPs | Catharanthus roseus | 30–70 nm | S. aureus, E. coli, and E. faecalis and HepG2 cell line | Antibacterial, anticancer activity | [275] |
Ag-based | Ag-Cu BMNPs | Salvia officinalis leaf extract | 50 nm/spherical | K. pneumonia, E. coli, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis | Antibacterial activity | [276] |
Ag-based | Ag-CuO BMNPs | C. sinensis L. peel extract | — | S. aureus, B. subtilis, and K. pneumonia | Antibacterial activity | [277] |
Ag-based | Ag-MNPs, Ag-SeO2, and Ag-TiO2-BMNPs | Beta vulgaris L. extract | 12.82–21.28 nm, 8.417–18.49 nm, and 12.86–20.09 nm/spherical | E. faecalis, S. aureus, E. coli, and S. enterica and HePG2, MCF-7 cell line | Antibacterial, cytotoxic activity | [278] |
Ag-based | Ag-Zn BMNPs | Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa peel extract | — | S. aureus, B. subtilis, and K. pneumonia | Antimicrobial activity | — |
Ag-based | Ag-ZnO BMNPs | Pomegranate peel extract | 15.8 nm/round | E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, and S. aureus and MCF7, Caco2 cell line | Antibacterial, Anticancer activity | [279] |
Ag-based | Ag-doped ZnO alloy BMNPs | Sophora pachycarpa fruit extract | 47 nm/hexagonal | Multiple myeloma/blood cancer | Anticancer activity | [280] |
Au-based | Au-Ag BMNPs | Panax ginseng Meyer | 80.4 ± 11.9 nm/cubic | Human gastric adenocarcinoma cells | Anticancer activity | [281] |
Cu-based | Cu-Ag BMNPs | Argyreia nervosa leaf extract | 25–100 nm/irregular shapes | E. coli | Antimicrobial activity | [282] |
Cu-based | Cu-Mg BMNPs | Pumpkin seeds extract | 50 nm/spherical | HT-29 cell line | Anticancer activity | [283] |
Cu-based | Cu-Ni BMNPs | Peppermint leaf extract | 3–5 nm/egg shaped | E. coli, S. aureus | Antimicrobial activity | — |
Pd-based | Pd-Pt BMNPs | Nigella sativa seed extract | 5 nm | MDA-MB-231, ISH, HeLa, and L929 cell line | Anticancer activity | [284] |
Pt-based | PdCo@AC BMNPs | Cinnamomum verum extract | 2.467 nm | E. coli, S. aureus | Antibacterial activity | [285] |
Pt-based | Pt-Ag BMNPs | Hibiscus sabdariffa extract | 5.431 nm | Hydrogen production | Antimicrobial, catalytic activity | [286] |
ZnO-based | ZnO-CuO BMNPs | Artemisia abyssinica extract | 14 nm/hexagonal and monoclinic | MCF-7 cell lines | Anticancer antioxidant activity | [287] |
ZnO-based | ZnO-SeO BMNPs | Pomegranate peel extract | 20 nm/hexagonal shape | E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, S. aureus, C. albicans, A. flavus, A. niger, A. fumigatus, and Hep-G2 cell line | Antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activity | [288] |
Se-based | Se-Ag BMNPs | Watermelon rind extract | 18.3–49.6 nm/spherical and oval shapes | C. albicans, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. oxytoca, B. subtilis, S. aureus and MCF7 cell line | Antibacterial activity, anticancer activity | [289] |
Se-based | Se-Zr BMNPs | Cinnamomum camphora leaf extract | 100–170 nm/spherical shape | MCF-7, SK-MEL-3 cancer cell lines | Anticancer activity | [290] |
Co-based NPs | Co-Bi2O3 BMNPs | A. sativum L. | 10–100 nm/spherical shape | B. subtilis, S. epidermidis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, C. krusei, and HepG2, A549 cancer cells | Antimicrobial, anticancer activity | [174] |
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