Review of the Design and Operation Criteria of a DC Submerged Arc Discharge Carbon Nanostructure Synthesis Installation

Table 4

Control of sensitive parameters.

Temporal evolution	Parameters	Importance of control
Slow changes	pH	It provides indirect information about the processes that occur and the stability of the colloid systems that arise
	Liquid temperature	A sufficiently low temperature prevents evaporation, provides a high liquid viscosity that increases vibration damping, and minimizes expansion of system components
	Liquid level	A constant water level in the reactor guarantees a constant pressure on the bubbles and a constant heat capacity. This contributes to the homogeneity of the characteristics of the CNSs
Fast changes	Sound emission	Contactless diagnosis. Vibrations of system components, bubble size, and chemical reactions present
	Light emission	Provides information about the environment of the discharge and in certain circumstances about the species present in it