Rakesh K. Joshi

Sekhar Bhansali

Nanosensor Technology

ZnO nanowire arrays were grown on a Si (100) substrate using the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) method. ZnO nanowires were characterized by XRD, SEM, bright field TEM, and EDS. They were found to have a preferential orientation along the <svg     style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:7.0250001px;" id="M1" height="7.9499998" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 7.0250001 7.9499998" width="7.0250001"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
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</svg>-axis. The as-prepared sample was functionalized with glucose oxidase by physical adsorption. FTIR was taken before and after functionalization to verify the presence of the attached enzyme. Electrochemical measurements were performed on the nanowire array by differential pulse voltammetry in the range of <svg     style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:30.299999px;" id="M2" height="11.225" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 30.299999 11.225" width="30.299999"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
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</svg> to 0.4&#x2009;V. The nanoarray sensor displayed high sensitivity to glucose in the range of 1.0 <svg     style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:10.1px;" id="M3" height="8.5" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10.1 8.5" width="10.1"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
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</svg> to 1.0 <svg     style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:10.1px;" id="M5" height="8.5" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10.1 8.5" width="10.1"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
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</svg>&#x2009;mol <svg     style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:22.5875px;" id="M7" height="15.8375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 22.5875 15.8375" width="22.5875"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
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</svg>.

Jessica Weber

Sathyaharish Jeedigunta

Ashok Kumar

Fabrication and Characterization of ZnO Nanowire Arrays with an Investigation into Electrochemical Sensing Capabilities



Nanomaterials have attracted great interest in recent years because of the unusual mechanical, electrical, electronic, optical, magnetic and surface properties. The high surface/volume ratio of these materials has significant implications with respect to energy storage. Both the high surface area and the opportunity for nanomaterial consolidation are key attributes of this new class of materials for hydrogen storage devices. Nanostructured systems including carbon nanotubes, nano-magnesium based hydrides, complex hydride/carbon nanocomposites, boron nitride nanotubes, <svg style="vertical-align:-3.27605pt;width:72.650002px;" id="M1" height="16.15" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 72.650002 16.15" width="72.650002" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.012)"><path id="x54" d="M592 498l-30 -3q-13 63 -31 89q-13 19 -33.5 25.5t-75.5 6.5h-70v-493q0 -60 16 -75.5t86 -19.5v-28h-286v28q68 4 83.5 19.5t15.5 75.5v493h-62q-60 0 -83 -7t-33 -24q-12 -17 -32 -90h-29q10 116 12 180h20q10 -16 21 -20.5t34 -4.5h395q19 0 28.5 5t21.5 20h21&#xA;q2 -89 11 -177z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.868,12.012)"><path id="x69" d="M135 536q-20 0 -35 15.5t-15 35.5q0 22 15 37t36 15t35.5 -15t14.5 -37q0 -21 -15 -36t-36 -15zM252 0h-220v26q48 5 59 17t11 63v206q0 47 -9 58t-54 18v24q78 12 142 39v-345q0 -51 11.5 -63t59.5 -17v-26z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,13.424,12.012)"><path id="x53" d="M409 504l-29 -5q-16 60 -44.5 96t-86.5 36q-54 0 -82.5 -32t-28.5 -77q0 -51 30.5 -82.5t96.5 -65.5l35.5 -18t33 -19.5t33.5 -23.5l27 -25.5t24.5 -32t13.5 -36.5t6 -45q0 -80 -62 -134.5t-160 -54.5q-47 0 -98 15q-22 7 -50 21q-8 23 -27 155l30 7q7 -27 18 -52&#xA;t30 -51.5t49 -42.5t67 -16q56 0 88 32.5t32 87.5q0 51 -31.5 82t-98.5 67q-80 44 -110 73q-55 53 -55 124q0 75 56 126.5t150 51.5q53 0 126 -23z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,21.475,16.087)"><path id="x32" d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,27.812,12.012)"><path id="x2F" d="M368 703l-264 -866h-60l265 866h59z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,34.816,12.012)"><path id="x4D" d="M861 0h-263v28q61 5 73 22t12 97l-4 408h-4l-244 -548h-20l-224 534h-2l-15 -285q-5 -98 -3 -166q1 -34 19.5 -45t72.5 -17v-28h-233v28q45 5 62.5 17t22.5 43q11 65 19 183l14 208q3 36 3.5 55t-2.5 37.5t-6.5 25t-16.5 13t-25.5 8t-39.5 4.5v28h164l228 -501l232 501&#xA;h170v-28q-68 -6 -81 -21.5t-11 -91.5l9 -362q2 -80 15 -97t78 -22v-28z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,49.537,12.012)"><path id="x6F" d="M257 449q92 0 154 -65t62 -158q0 -112 -67 -175t-150 -63q-98 0 -158.5 66.5t-60.5 154.5q0 59 21 106.5t54.5 75.5t71 43t73.5 15zM244 416q-48 0 -81 -47t-33 -128q0 -96 38 -158t99 -62q51 0 82 43.5t31 139.5q0 91 -36 151.5t-100 60.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,58.206,12.012)"><use xlink:href="#x53" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,66.25,16.087)"><use xlink:href="#x32" /></g></svg> nanotubes, alanates, polymer nanocomposites, and metal organic frameworks are considered to be potential candidates for storing large quantities of hydrogen. Recent investigations have shown that nanoscale materials may offer advantages if certain physical and chemical effects related to the nanoscale can be used efficiently. The present review focuses the application of nanostructured materials for storing atomic or molecular hydrogen. The synergistic effects of nanocrystalinity and nanocatalyst doping on the metal or complex hydrides for improving the thermodynamics and hydrogen reaction kinetics are discussed. In addition, various carbonaceous nanomaterials and novel sorbent systems (e.g. carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, nanofibers, polyaniline nanospheres and metal organic frameworks etc.) and their hydrogen storage characteristics are outlined.



Michael U. Niemann

Sesha S. Srinivasan

Ayala R. Phani

D. Yogi Goswami

Elias K. Stefanakos

Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Storage Applications: A Review

We report the results of the ambient pressure synthesis of tungsten oxide nanowires and nanoparticles on AlN substrates using the hot filament CVD techniques. The morphologic surface, crystallographic structures, chemical compositions, and bond structures of the obtained samples have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Raman scattering, respectively. Different morphologies were observed for different substrate temperatures, but otherwise identical growth conditions. The experimental measurements reveal the evolutions of the crystalline states and bond structures following the substrate temperatures. Besides, different substrate materials also affected the tungsten oxide nanostructures. Bundles of wire-type tungsten oxide nanowires with a length of up to 5&#x2009;mm were obtained on <svg     style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt;width:41.587502px;" id="M1" height="16.450001" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 41.587502 16.450001" width="41.587502"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
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</svg> substrate. Furthermore, the sensitive properties of the super long nanowires to the gas and different temperature were investigated. The dependence of the sensitivity of tungsten oxide nanowires to the methane as a function of the time was obtained. The sensitive properties of the tungsten oxide nanowires have almost linear relationship with the temperature.

H. X. Zhang

B. Q. Yang

P. X. Feng

Ambient Pressure Synthesis of Nanostructured Tungsten Oxide Crystalline Films

This paper proposed a novel design of microgyroscope based on MEMS structures and optic interferometric microdisplacement measurement technique. The gyroscope consists of microvibrator and interferometric readout. Using Coriolis force, the vibrator transfers the system rotation into a forced vibration; the induced vibration can be sensed by the interferometric microdisplacement measurement system. The optic measurement system has two mirrors which will reflect two rays into a detector. 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The comparison of the proposed gyroscope and well-know Sagnac formulation has been investigated; it shown that the proposed model is much better than Sagnac ones. The new model has finally get rid of needing very long fiber in the case of Sagnac gyroscope. The innovative model gives a new hope to fabricate high accurate and cheaper gyroscope. To date, the proposed gyroscope is the most accurate gyroscope.

Bohua Sun

Bo Zhang

Mohamed Toriq Khan

Modeling and Formulation of a Novel Microoptoelectromechanical Gyroscope

Swift heavy ion irradiation is an effective technique to induce changes in the microstructure and electronic energy levels of materials leading to significant modification of properties. Here we report enhancement of ammonia (<svg style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt;width:32.112499px;" id="M2" height="15.4" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32.112499 15.4" width="32.112499" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><path id="x4E" d="M719 650v-28q-43 -2 -62 -15t-22 -44q-6 -47 -6 -169v-403h-31l-426 524h-2v-251q0 -111 6 -169q4 -37 24 -50.5t72 -16.5v-28h-237v28q45 2 64.5 16t23.5 49q6 62 6 171v220q0 54 -3 68.5t-17 32.5q-16 19 -34.5 26.5t-54.5 10.5v28h147l418 -502h3v246q0 117 -7 166&#xA;q-4 34 -24.5 47t-73.5 15v28h236z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,12.693,11.112)"><path id="x48" d="M729 650v-28q-62 -5 -76 -19.5t-14 -75.5v-404q0 -62 13.5 -76t75.5 -19v-28h-268v28q65 5 79.5 19t14.5 76v199h-341v-199q0 -62 14 -76t76 -19v-28h-263v28q61 5 74.5 19t13.5 76v404q0 62 -14 76t-76 19v28h259v-28q-58 -5 -71 -19t-13 -76v-162h341v162&#xA;q0 61 -13.5 75.5t-72.5 19.5v28h261z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,25.712,15.187)"><path id="x33" d="M285 378v-2q65 -13 102 -54.5t37 -97.5q0 -57 -30.5 -104.5t-74 -75t-85.5 -42t-72 -14.5q-31 0 -59.5 11t-40.5 23q-19 18 -16 36q1 16 23 33q13 10 24 0q58 -51 124 -51q55 0 88 40t33 112q0 64 -39 96.5t-88 32.5q-29 0 -64 -11l-6 29q77 25 118 57.5t41 84.5&#xA;q0 45 -26.5 69.5t-68.5 24.5q-67 0 -120 -79l-20 20l43 63q51 56 127 56h1q66 0 107 -37t41 -95q0 -42 -31 -71q-22 -23 -68 -54z" /></g></svg>) sensitivity of <svg style="vertical-align:-3.27605pt;width:36.412498px;" id="M3" height="15.5125" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 36.412498 15.5125" width="36.412498" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x53" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.018,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x6E" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,17.316,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x4F" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,30.012,15.45)"><use xlink:href="#x32" /></g></svg> thin films subjected to high-energy <svg style="vertical-align:-0.12283pt;width:24.5625px;" id="M4" height="14.2625" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24.5625 14.2625" width="24.5625" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,14.05)"><use xlink:href="#x4E" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,12.336,14.05)"><path id="x69" d="M135 536q-20 0 -35 15.5t-15 35.5q0 22 15 37t36 15t35.5 -15t14.5 -37q0 -21 -15 -36t-36 -15zM252 0h-220v26q48 5 59 17t11 63v206q0 47 -9 58t-54 18v24q78 12 142 39v-345q0 -51 11.5 -63t59.5 -17v-26z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,16.887,5.887)"><path id="x2B" d="M535 230h-212v-233h-58v233h-213v50h213v210h58v-210h212v-50z" /></g></svg> ion irradiation. Sol-gel-derived <svg style="vertical-align:-3.27605pt;width:36.412498px;" id="M5" height="15.5125" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 36.412498 15.5125" width="36.412498" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x53" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.018,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x6E" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,17.316,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x4F" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,30.012,15.45)"><use xlink:href="#x32" /></g></svg> thin films (100 nm thickness) were exposed to 75 MeV <svg style="vertical-align:-0.12283pt;width:24.5625px;" id="M6" height="14.2625" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24.5625 14.2625" width="24.5625" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,14.05)"><use xlink:href="#x4E" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,12.336,14.05)"><use xlink:href="#x69" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,16.887,5.887)"><use xlink:href="#x2B" /></g></svg> ion irradiation, and the gas response characteristics of irradiated films were studied as a function of ion fluence. The irradiated films showed <svg style="vertical-align:-3.50804pt;width:10.2px;" id="M7" height="13.3" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10.2 13.3" width="10.2" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,8.863)"><path id="x1D45D" d="M570 304q0 -108 -87 -199q-40 -42 -94.5 -74t-105.5 -43q-41 0 -65 11l-29 -141q-9 -45 -1.5 -58t45.5 -16l26 -2l-5 -29l-241 -10l4 26q51 10 67.5 24t26.5 60l113 520q-54 -20 -89 -41l-7 26q38 28 105 53l11 49q20 25 77 58l8 -7l-17 -77q39 14 102 14q82 0 119 -36&#xA;t37 -108zM482 289q0 114 -113 114q-26 0 -66 -7l-70 -327q12 -14 32 -25t39 -11q59 0 118.5 81.5t59.5 174.5z" /></g></svg>-type conductivity with a much higher response to <svg style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt;width:32.112499px;" id="M8" height="15.4" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32.112499 15.4" width="32.112499" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x4E" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,12.693,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x48" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,25.712,15.187)"><use xlink:href="#x33" /></g></svg> compared to other gases such as ethanol. The observed enhancement of <svg style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt;width:32.112499px;" id="M9" height="15.4" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32.112499 15.4" width="32.112499" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x4E" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,12.693,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x48" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,25.712,15.187)"><use xlink:href="#x33" /></g></svg> sensitivity is discussed in context of ion beam generated electronic states in the <svg style="vertical-align:-3.27605pt;width:36.412498px;" id="M10" height="15.5125" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 36.412498 15.5125" width="36.412498" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x53" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.018,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x6E" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,17.316,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x4F" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,30.012,15.45)"><use xlink:href="#x32" /></g></svg> thin films.

Sanju Rani

Somnath C. Roy

N. K. Puri

M. C. Bhatnagar

D. Kanjilal

Enhancement of Ammonia Sensitivity in Swift Heavy Ion Irradiated Nanocrystalline <svg style="vertical-align:-3.27605pt" height="15.5125" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 36.412498 15.5125" width="36.412498" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"><path id="x53" d="M409 504l-29 -5q-16 60 -44.5 96t-86.5 36q-54 0 -82.5 -32t-28.5 -77q0 -51 30.5 -82.5t96.5 -65.5l35.5 -18t33 -19.5t33.5 -23.5l27 -25.5t24.5 -32t13.5 -36.5t6 -45q0 -80 -62 -134.5t-160 -54.5q-47 0 -98 15q-22 7 -50 21q-8 23 -27 155l30 7q7 -27 18 -52&#xA;t30 -51.5t49 -42.5t67 -16q56 0 88 32.5t32 87.5q0 51 -31.5 82t-98.5 67q-80 44 -110 73q-55 53 -55 124q0 75 56 126.5t150 51.5q53 0 126 -23z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.018,11.363)"><path id="x6E" d="M524 0h-209v26q44 5 55 18t11 65v167q0 114 -91 114q-50 0 -109 -51v-235q0 -50 10 -61.5t55 -16.5v-26h-217v26q51 5 62 17t11 61v206q0 47 -9.5 58.5t-50.5 19.5v23q82 15 139 40v-79l67 47q47 30 83 30q60 0 94.5 -40t34.5 -112v-193q0 -50 10 -61.5t54 -16.5v-26z&#xA;" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,17.316,11.363)"><path id="x4F" d="M381 665q131 0 226.5 -93t95.5 -239q0 -158 -96 -253t-238 -95q-137 0 -231 95t-94 238q0 142 92.5 244.5t244.5 102.5zM359 629q-89 0 -151 -74.5t-62 -208.5q0 -141 69 -233t175 -92q90 0 150.5 74t60.5 211q0 152 -69 237.5t-173 85.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,30.012,15.45)"><path id="x32" d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" /></g></svg> Thin Films

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