Effects of 16-Week Consumption of Caffeinated and Decaffeinated Instant Coffee on Glucose Metabolism in a Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 1
Anthropometric measures, glucose metabolism parameters, and serum adiponectin and C-reactive protein at baseline.
Parameter (unit)
Caffeinated coffee ()
Decaffeinated coffee ()
No coffee ()
value*
Body weight (kg)
77 (70–84)
75 (71–80)
79 (78–83)
0.22
Waist circumference (cm)
93 (89–99)
91 (88–95)
95 (90–97)
0.46
Plasma glucose (mmol/L)
Fasting
6.0 (5.3–6.2)
6.1 (5.3–7.4)
5.8 (5.4–6.3)
0.68
2-hour
8.5 (7.3–9.9)
10.1 (7.7–12.8)
9.2 (7.4–12.9)
0.35
AUC†
18.3 (15.9–20.1)
20.6 (17.5–23.7)
20.8 (18.5–23.2)
0.16
Plasma insulin (pmol/L)
Fasting
57 (38–66)
34 (27–71)
58 (52–66)
0.53
2-hour
551 (347–868)
314 (187–565)
472 (312–854)
0.24
AUC†
999 (676–1289)
570 (376–978)
881 (629–1057)
0.13
Composite ISI
3.6 (2.3–4.6)
4.8 (2.4–7.9)
3.4 (2.1–5.0)
0.38
HOMA-IR
2.0 (1.3–2.5)
1.2 (0.9–3.3)
2.0 (1.8–2.9)
0.51
Total adiponectin (g/mL)
4.9 (4.1–8.2)
5.8 (5.6–6.3)
4.8 (3.9–6.5)
0.66
HMW adiponectin (g/mL)
2.6 (1.5–4.9)
3.1 (2.2–4.4)
2.2 (1.7–3.6)
0.73
C-reactive protein (mg/L)
0.49 (0.26–0.85)
0.23 (0.19–0.83)
0.42 (0.29–0.72)
0.24
AUC: area under the curve; HMW: high-molecular weight; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; ISI: insulin sensitivity index. Values are medians and interquartile ranges (25th and 75th percentiles) in parentheses.
*Overall difference based on Kruskal-Wallis test. †Hour was used for the time scale in the oral glucose tolerance test.