High Physiological Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Affects Muscle Fatty Acid Composition and Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis in Obese Adolescents

Table 1

Anthropometric and biochemical measures at baseline and after 3-month treatment with n-3 PUFAs or placebo in 11 male and 14 female obese subjects.

	Male					Female
	Omega 3		Control		𝑃 value	Omega 3		Control		𝑃 value
	Baseline	After 3-month treatment	Baseline	After 3-month treatment		Baseline	After 3-month treatment	Baseline	After 3-month treatment
Height (m)	1.75±0.06	1.77±0.06	1.76±0.06	1.77±0.06	ns	1.65±0.06	1.66±0.06	1.66±0.06	1.67±0.06	0.002
Weight (kg)	108.8±19.4	111.7±20.11	111.0±19.7	111.7±19.3	ns	90.9±11.1	91.8±12.0	91.6±12.4	93.6±13.0	ns
BMI (kg/m2)	35.2±5.1	35.7±5.4	35.7±5.1	35.5±5.0	ns	33.1±2.7	33.1±3.2	33.1±3.4	33.7±3.5	ns
Waist (cm)	113.8±14.1	111.4±13.3	116.8±13.0	111.6±12.5	ns	106.6±9.1	98.4±9.1	104.5±11.8	97.6±9.1	ns
Hip (cm)	116.8±12.0	116.0±12.3	120.5±9.1	118.4±10.5	ns	116.3±7.0	112.5±6.5	116.5±5.5	113.0±6.1	ns
Serum phospholipid w-3 concentration (mol%)	4.9±1.1	8.0±1.5	5.3±1.2	5.1±1.1	<0.0001	5.9±1.5	10.0±2.5	6.4±1.3	6.4±2.6	0.001
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.0±0.6	3.9±0.5	4.2±0.7	3.8±0.7	ns	4.3±0.7	4.1±0.7	4.2±0.7	3.9±0.7	ns
Triacylglycerol (mmol/L)	1.5±0.6	1.1±0.4	1.3±0.5	1.1±0.5	ns	1.2±0.5	0.9±0.4	1.2±0.6	1.1±0.6	ns
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.2±0.2	1.2±0.2	1.2±0.2	1.2±0.2	ns	1.3±0.3	1.3±0.2	1.3±0.2	1.3±0.2	ns
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	2.2±0.6	2.2±0.5	2.4±0.6	2.1±0.6	0.07	2.4±0.6	2.2±0.6	2.3±0.6	2.1±0.7	ns
Glucose (mmol/L)	4.8±0.4	5.2±0.4	4.9±0.5	5.0±0.3	ns	4.4±0.3	4.8±0.3	4.6±0.4	4.7±0.4	ns
Insulin (μU/L)	13.0±6.7	14.4±8.4	14.5±8.9	10.0±3.8	ns	10.6±4.6	12.9±5.7	11.6±4.2	13.9±11.1	ns
HMW-adiponectin (mg/mL)	3.2±1.6	3.0±2.0	4.0±2.4	3.9±2.6	ns	5.5±3.8	5.2±4.5	5.4±2.7	4.3±2.7	ns
Leptin (ng/mL)	27 ± 19	26 ± 18	29 ± 20	29 ± 22	ns	53 ± 18	57 ± 16	53 ± 18	63 ± 23	ns

Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was calculated as the difference between the starting value and that at the end of the treatment period for each treatment arm, and these differences were tested by paired 𝑡 test or Wilcoxon signed-ranks test for nonnormally distributed variables. For all variables, there were no significant differences between the means at the beginning of the 2 treatment periods. BMI, body mass index; HMW, high molecular weight.