High Physiological Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Affects Muscle Fatty Acid Composition and Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis in Obese Adolescents

Table 2

Fatty acid compositions of total muscle phospholipids and of major glycerophospholipids, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and cardiolipin (DPG) in 12 females and 7 males after 3-months treatment with omega-3 LCPUFAs or placebo, expressed as molar percentage of total FA.

	Female (𝑛=12)		𝑃 value	Male (𝑛=7)		𝑃 value
	ω-3	Control		ω-3	Control
ΣSFA	32.6±1.5	33.2±1.5	ns	31.6±0.4	32.0±0.6	ns
ΣMUFA	6.8±1.0	7.1±0.9	ns	6.0±0.8	6.4±1.0	ns
ΣPUFA	60.6±1.8	59.7±2.0	ns	62.3±1.0	61.6±1.4	ns
Σω-6	52.8±2.4	54.4±2.5	0.019	53.8±1.8	56.0±1.5	0.013
18 : 2ω-6 (LA)	38.7±2.4	40.1±2.2	0.017	38.9±1.8	40.3±1.9	0.047
20 : 4ω-6 (AA)	12.1±1.2	12.1±1.3	ns	12.7±1.8	13.5±1.8	0.027
Σω-3	7.5±0.9	5.1±1.1	<0.0001	7.7±1.8	5.3±1.7	<0.0001
18 : 3ω-3 (ALA)	0.4±0.1	0.4±0.1	ns	0.3±0.0	0.4±0.1	ns
20 : 5ω-3 (EPA)	2.5±0.5	1.1±0.4	<0.0001	2.8±0.6	1.3±0.6	<0.0001
22 : 6ω-3 (DHA)	2.8±0.4	2.1±0.6	<0.0001	2.8±1.0	2.1±0.9	0.001
ω-6/ω-3 ratio	7.1±1.2	11.3±2.8	<0.0001	7.3±2.0	11.7±3.9	0.002
PC
Σω-6	42.5±4.9	45.2±1.6	0.026	45.0±0.7	45.1±1.6	ns
18 : 2ω-6 (LA)	39.0±4.8	41.5±1.7	0.091	41.0±1.2	41.2±2.0	ns
20 : 4ω-6 (AA)	2.4±0.2	2.5±0.3	ns	2.8±0.5	2.8±0.4	ns
Σω-3	2.4±0.6	1.6±0.5	0.003	2.4±0.5	1.7±0.6	0.018
18 : 3ω-3 (ALA)	0.4±0.2	0.4±0.2	ns	0.4±0.0	0.4±0.1	ns
20 : 5ω-3 (EPA)	0.8±0.2	0.4±0.2	0.003	0.9±0.3	0.4±0.2	0.018
22 : 6ω-3 (DHA)	0.6±0.3	0.4±0.1	0.012	0.6±0.2	0.4±0.2	0.089
ω-6/ω-3 ratio	19.0±5.0	31.0±9.3	0.003	20.0±5.2	30.0±11.0	0.018
PE
Σω-6	37.9±4.2	43.7±2.4	0.005	39.0±4.0	43.4±4.7	0.028
18 : 2ω-6 (LA)	10.1±1.9	11.4±1.4	0.037	9.8±2.6	10.4±2.8	0.075
20 : 4ω-6 (AA)	27.4±3.4	31.8±3.3	0.005	28.6±3.1	32.4±4.4	0.046
Σω-3	13.3±3.8	8.9±2.3	0.009	12.8±3.9	7.7±3.1	0.028
18 : 3ω-3 (ALA)	0.06±0.05	0.10±0.05	0.059	0.08±0.06	0.11±0.09	ns
20 : 5ω-3 (EPA)	4.6±1.3	2.3±0.7	0.005	4.8±0.8	2.3±0.9	0.028
22 : 6ω-3 (DHA)	7.5±2.2	5.5±1.5	0.022	6.7±3.1	4.3±2.2	0.028
ω-6/ω-3 ratio	3.1±0.9	5.3±1.6	0.005	3.4±1.3	6.6±2.9	0.028
PS
Σω-6	13.8±3.1	17.3±2.5	0.008	14.1±4.4	19.0±6.7	0.028
18 : 2ω-6 (LA)	7.3±2.0	9.17±1.8	0.021	7.2±4.2	10.9±6.3	0.028
20 : 4ω-6 (AA)	4.1±1.1	5.7±1.4	0.021	4.1±1.1	5.7±2.4	0.018
Σω-3	18.5±3.1	16.4±4.0	ns	20.1±6.9	19.1±6.4	ns
18 : 3ω-3 (ALA)	0.01±0.05	0.04±0.12	ns	0.02±0.06	0.21±0.42	ns
20 : 5ω-3 (EPA)	0.3±0.3	0.1±0.2	0.075	0.3±0.2	0.2±0.1	0.028
22 : 6ω-3 (DHA)	13.6±2.6	12.2±3.5	ns	15.1±6.1	14.1±5.8	ns
ω-6/ω-3 ratio	0.8±0.2	1.1±0.4	0.015	0.8±0.5	1.2±0.8	0.028
PI
Σω-6*	46.1±1.7	45.7±1.8	ns	45.2±0.8	46.6±1.0	0.046
18 : 2ω-6 (LA)	3.9±0.8	4.1±0.8	ns	3.0±1.8	3.7±1.7	ns
20 : 4ω-6 (AA)**	34.1±2.3	32.6±2.3	0.066	33.0±3.4	34.0±3.6	0.028
Σω-3	1.6±0.5	1.5±1.0	ns	2.2±1.1	1.7±0.9	ns
18 : 3ω-3 (ALA)	<0.01	<0.01		<0.01	<0.01
20 : 5ω-3 (EPA)	0.09±0.09	0.02±0.03	0.042	0.08±0.07	0.03±0.04	0.068
22 : 6ω-3 (DHA)	0.7±0.3	0.8±0.8	ns	0.9±0.9	0.8±0.6	ns
ω-6/ω-3 ratio	31.1±9.1	47.5±35.5	0.086	26.4±14.3	34.3±18.4	ns
DPG
Σω-6	92.0±4.9	90.4±2.2	ns	89.9±3.2	91.9±2.0	ns
18 : 2ω-6 (LA)	90.8±4.9	89.0±2.1	ns	87.5±3.7	89.9±2.4	0.028
20 : 4ω-6 (AA)	0.7±0.4	0.5±1.0	ns	1.7±0.7	1.3±0.5	ns
Σω-3	1.1±0.4	1.1±1.0	ns	1.7±0.5	1.2±0.4	0.063
18 : 3ω-3 (ALA)	0.6±0.2	0.5±0.2	ns	0.5±0.1	0.6±0.1	0.091
20 : 5ω-3 (EPA)	0.13±0.18	0.05±0.07	0.075	0.34±0.16	0.12±0.08	0.028
22 : 6ω-3 (DHA)	0.2±0.2	0.5±1.0	ns	0.5±0.3	0.2±0.3	0.046
ω-6/ω-3 ratio	94.2±35.5	120.4±85.8	ns	56.6±19.4	81.7±20.0	0.063

Data are presented as means ± SD. 𝑃 values of paired Wilcoxon signed-ranks test of the values after n-3 and placebo treatment. *𝑃<0.05, **𝑃<0.01, comparing males and females by delta values.