Medium- and Short-Term Interventions with Ma-Pi 2 Macrobiotic Diet in Type 2 Diabetic Adults of Bauta, Havana

Table 3

Changes of serum biochemical indicators during 3-month intervention with Ma-Pi 2 macrobiotic diet in type 2 diabetic adults.

Variable	Before; 𝑛=61	After 21 d; 𝑛=61	After 3 m; 𝑛=54	Change after 21 d (%)	Change after 3 m (%)	𝑃 value
Glucose (mmol/L)	8.35 (3.3); (3.1–17.0)	6.44 (1.7); (3.1–9.9)	5.67 (1.9); (2.64–10.2)	−23	−32	3.533𝑒^−8
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	6.2 (1.3); (3.76–9.66)	4.3 (0.8); (3.0–5.7)	4.4 (0.9); (2.6–6.3)	−31	−29	2.2𝑒^−16
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.05 (0.4); (0.4–2.1)	1.04 (0.3); (0.6–1.8)	1.02 (0.2); (0.7–1.5)	−5	−3	0.8889
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	3.86 (1.2); (1.2–6.3)	2.51 (0.9); (0.2–5.5)	2.65 (1.0); (0.3–5.2)	−35	−31	1.511𝑒^−11
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	2.7 (1.4); (0.7–7.8)	1.4 (0.6); (0.5–3.1)	1.7 (0.8); (0.6–4.2)	−48	−37	1.384𝑒^−11
Creatinine (mmol/L)	64.1 (17.3); (33.0–117.0)	61.2 (14.3); (38.0–106.0)	57.7 (13.6); (24.0–90.0)	−4	−10	0.0837
Urea (mmol/L)	5.7 (1.5); (2.6–10.7)	3.8 (1.0); (2.0–6.8)	4.5 (1.0); (2.0–6.7)	−33	−21	1.99𝑒^−14
ALAT (units)	20.3 (8.7); (8.8–47.4)	16.5 (5.6); (7.7–29.6)	16.4 (5.8); (7.3–30.0)	−19	−19	0.0015
Leukocytes (×10^3/L)	8.0 (2.1); (4.0–13.1)	7.1 (1.8); (3.6–11.8)	6.8 (1.6); (3.2–11.6)	−11	−15	0.0008
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	14.1 (1.5); (10.0–18.0)	13.4 (1.3); (10.2–16.7)	13.3 (1.2); (10.4–15.7)	−5	−6	0.0027
Total proteins (g/L)	76.3 (9.1); (35.9–90.8)	74.1 (8.1); (36.5–86.4)	76.0 (4.9); (65.1–85.8)	−3	−0.4	0.2416
Albumin (g/L)	34.3 (4.6); (13.1–41.9)	36.0 (4.6); (14.2–45.6)	35.5 (5.3); (26.2–46.9)	5	3	0.1325

Values are represented as means (standard deviations), and (minimum and maximal values) 𝑃 < 0.05 was considered significant.