Formation of Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Excretion of Anthocyanins, and Microbial Diversity in Rats Fed Blackcurrants, Blackberries, and Raspberries
Table 4
Short-chain fatty acids in caecum (µmol/caecal content) and proximal and distal colon (µmol/g) of rats fed diets containing blackcurrant, blackberry, and raspberry, with the same diets supplemented with L. plantarum HEAL19.
Blackcurrant
Blackberry
Raspberry
−HEAL19
+HEAL19
−HEAL19
+HEAL19
−HEAL19
+HEAL19
Mean
SE
Mean
SE
Mean
SE
Mean
SE
Mean
SE
Mean
SE
Berry
Pro
Berry × Pro
Caecal pool
Acetic
102.9
11.9
114.3
14.6
73.5
8.1
69.9
11.4
80.8
7.4
71.2
6.3
0.0021
NS
NS
Propionic
20.4
2.5
19.5
2.1
12.8
1.3
12.3
1.7
13.8
1.0
12.3
1.1
<0.0011
NS
NS
Butyric
17.9
1.8
16.7
2.4
13.0
1.5
12.5
2.0
14.2
1.5
13.4
1.1
0.0322
NS
NS
Minor
6.4
0.8
6.4
1.2
5.9
0.5
5.2
0.6
5.5
0.6
4.9
0.5
NS
NS
NS
Total (µmol)
148
16
157
20
105
11
100
15
114
10
102
9
0.0021
NS
NS
Proximal
Acetic
31.0
1.6
30.4
2.6
20.4
2.6
21.1
2.9
29.5
2.9
28.9
0.8
<0.0013
NS
NS
Propionic
5.5
0.6
5.4
0.7
4.2
0.4
3.6
0.4
4.7
0.4
4.6
0.2
0.0052
NS
NS
Butyric
4.5
0.4
3.9
0.5
3.7
0.7
3.3
0.3
4.4
0.4
5.1
0.6
0.0384
NS
NS
Minor
1.5
0.1
1.4
0.1
1.5
0.2
1.4
0.2
1.6
0.1
1.5
0.1
NS
NS
NS
Total (µmol/g)
42
2
41
4
30
3
29
3
40
4
40
2
<0.0013
NS
NS
Distal
Acetic
28.7b
2.3
40.6a
2.6
24.2b
3.8
22.9b
2.0
28.4b
1.5
25.8b
1.1
<0.001
NS
0.007
Propionic
5.8
0.7
7.1
0.6
4.8
0.6
4.8
0.3
4.7
0.3
4.5
0.3
0.0011
NS
NS
Butyric
6.3
1.1
7.7
0.9
5.0
0.5
5.1
0.9
6.4
0.4
6.3
0.3
0.0412
NS
NS
Minor
2.1
0.2
2.7
0.3
2.5
0.2
2.2
0.2
2.6
0.3
2.0
0.1
NS
NS
NS
Total (µmol/g)
43
b
4
58
a
4
36
b
5
35
b
3
42
b
2
39
b
1
<0.001
NS
0.021
Mean values with their SEM for seven rats per group, six rats per group for blackberry +HEAL19 (caecal pool), for blackberry (proximal and distal colon), and for blackcurrant +HEAL19 (proximal colon).
1Groups fed blackcurrant were significantly higher than those fed blackberry and raspberry.
2Groups fed blackcurrant were significantly higher than those fed blackberry.
3Groups fed blackcurrant and raspberry were significantly higher than those fed blackberry.
4Groups fed raspberry were significantly higher than those fed blackberry.
a,bMean values within a row, with unlike superscripts are significantly different ().
