Hyperleptinemia, Adiposity, and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Older Adults

Table 3

Adjusted odd ratios (OR) of the incidence of metabolic syndrome at year 6 by serum leptin quintile among men.

	Serum leptin quintile
	1	2	3	4	5	P for trend^1
Men (n)	110	110	111	110	111
Serum leptin quintile (mean ± SEM)	2.14 (±0.05)	3.78 (±0.05)	5.61 (±0.06)	8.13 (±0.09)	15.81 (±0.75)	<0.0001
Incidence of metabolic syndrome at year 6 of study (n)	13	11	18	23	29	0.0076
Model 1^2
OR (95% CI)	1	0.83; (0.35–1.98)	1.36; (0.62–2.99)	1.88; (0.87–4.05)	2.69; (1.29–5.64)	0.0002
Model 2^3
OR (95% CI)	1	0.63; (0.25–1.58)	0.90; (0.38–2.14)	1.01; (0.40–2.54)	1.03; (0.37–2.86)	0.1435
Model 3^4
OR (95% CI)	1	0.65; (0.26–1.63)	0.73; (0.30–1.76)	0.77; (0.29–2.01)	0.68; (0.23–2.01)	0.5034

1Tests for linear trend used leptin as a continuous variable in logistic regression.
²Model 1: adjusted for age, race, site, years of education, alcohol use, smoking, and physical activity (testosterone level and numbers of hours fasted were not significant and did not affect the association between predictor and outcome, so they were not included in the model).
³Model 2: adjusted for variables in model 1 plus BMI (when BMI was replaced in the model with total percent fat, visceral fat, or subcutaneous fat the association between leptin and metabolic syndrome remained the same, so they were not included in the final analysis).
⁴Model 3: adjusted for variables in model 2 plus CRP and PAI-1 (TNF-alpha and IL-6 were not significant and did not affect the association between main predictor and the outcome, so they were not included in the final analysis).