Maternal Fructose Intake Induces Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress in Male, but Not Female, Offspring
Table 2
Plasma analytes in fasted 91-day-old progeny from fructose- or glucose-supplemented mothers.
Male
Control
Fructose
Glucose
Glucose (mg/dL)
89.3 ± 6.1
97.6 ± 4.8
96.8 ± 5.7
Insulin (g/L)
0.044 ± 0.015a
0.144 ± 0.031b
0.031 ± 0.006a
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
52.1 ± 12.6
53.8 ± 6.8
35.6 ± 4.1
NEFA (mM)
1.66 ± 0.24
1.37 ± 0.13
1.42 ± 0.06
Glycerol (mg/dL)
5.04 ± 0.72
4.12 ± 0.34
4.25 ± 0.15
Adiponectin (g/mL)
29.9 ± 6.8
27.7 ± 3.6
21.4 ± 1.0
Ketone bodies (mM)
0.64 ± 0.16
0.63 ± 0.11
0.73 ± 0.06
Female
Control
Fructose
Glucose
Glucose (mg/dL)
104.1 ± 6.6
94.8 ± 2.8
102.9 ± 7.4
Insulin (g/L)
0.101 ± 0.017a
0.042 ± 0.010b
0.026 ± 0.004b
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
26.4 ± 8.9
24.7 ± 4.4
23.6 ± 4.6
NEFA (mM)
1.49 ± 0.29
1.49 ± 0.21
1.29 ± 0.04
Glycerol (mg/dL)
4.62 ± 0.43
4.32 ± 0.48
4.94 ± 0.58
Adiponectin (g/mL)
47.8 ± 8.6
48.2 ± 2.0
37.6 ± 5.3
Ketone bodies (mM)
0.63 ± 0.10
0.97 ± 0.12
1.00 ± 0.20
Data are means ± SE; = 10–12 animals from four litters. Where two or three pups from one litter were studied, their data were averaged. Different letters indicate significant differences between the groups ().