Dietary Pattern and Metabolic Syndrome in Thai Adults
Table 3
Age-adjusted means and percentage of metabolic risk factors by dietary pattern in Thai adults aged 30–59 years, NHES IV, 2009.
Meat
for trend
Carbohydrate
for trend
Healthy
for trend
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Men ( = 2693)
BMI (kg/m2)
23.1
23.1
23.2
23.5
0.08
23.6
23.5
23.0
23.0
<0.01
23.2
22.9
23.3
23.6
0.01
WC (cm)
79.5
79.1
80.3
80.9
<0.01
81.2
81.4
79.4
78.8
<0.001
80.1
78.9
80.0
81.1
0.02
SBP (mm Hg)
120.6
119.8
121.9
124.0
0.001
123.4
122.0
121.0
120.7
0.01
121.1
120.3
122.5
122.5
0.20
HDL-C (mg/dL)
43.8
45.3
45.5
45.4
0.03
46.7
46.2
46.0
42.7
<0.001
45.3
44.5
44.3
46.0
0.39
Triglyceride (mg/dL)
194.3
169.6
172.3
173.1
0.005
154.9
180.5
170.8
193.8
0.001
176.1
179.5
186.9
168.3
0.42
FPG (mg/dL)
85.7
87.6
88.0
88.8
<0.01
90.5
91.5
88.4
82.8
<0.001
86.4
87.8
88.0
87.8
0.04
MetS (%)
18.8
16.7
18.5
21.5
0.10
17.3
20.7
17.5
19.4
0.65
18.2
17.8
20.5
19.0
0.37
Abdominal obesity (%)
15.0
13.5
19.0
18.7
<0.01
21.0
19.3
16.4
12.4
<0.001
17.6
13.7
15.5
19.4
0.25
High TG (%)
49.7
43.2
46.1
47.2
0.57
35.4
42.4
46.2
55.2
<0.001
43.0
48.9
52.2
42.2
0.78
Low HDL-C (%)
39.9
35.6
33.6
33.5
0.02
29.8
31.8
28.7
46.2
<0.001
34.3
37.5
39.1
32.0
0.46
High BP (%)
29.3
25..5
28.8
39.2
0.001
35.5
33.0
27.3
28.7
0.01
30.3
27.4
34.8
30.3
0.35
Hyperglycemia (%)
10.4
14.7
16.4
17.2
0.001
17.7
17.2
16.8
9.7
<0.001
13.5
14.4
15.1
15.0
0.36
Alcohol drinker
10.3
13.0
14.2
16.8
<0.01
13.9
14.3
16.4
10.7
0.16
15.1
13.3
14.2
11.1
0.04
Low LTPA (%)
75.7
82.4
76.2
80.0
0.47
79.1
75.0
77.9
80.8
0.16
84.9
81.7
77.0
69.0
<0.001
Women ( = 3179)
BMI (kg/m2)
24.6
25.1
24.7
25.0
0.20
24.7
25.2
24.9
24.7
0.39
25.1
25.1
24.6
24.5
0.001
WC (cm)
78.4
79.5
79.0
79.7
0.04
78.8
79.4
79.6
78.9
0.96
79.9
79.3
78.9
78.3
<0.01
SBP (mm Hg)
117.9
118.4
118.4
117.7
0.79
117.2
118.6
118.3
118.2
0.32
119.1
118.5
117.4
117.3
0.001
HDL-C (mg/dL)
48.5
48.4
49.9
51.1
<0.001
51.3
51.3
50.4
46.7
<0.001
49.2
49.6
48.6
50.4
0.10
Triglyceride (mg/dL)
134.9
133.8
134.5
124.0
0.05
119.9
122.0
126.4
148.0
0.001
133.1
131..9
133.9
128.0
0.19
FPG (mg/dL)
83.6
86.4
85.5
85.9
0.04
88.3
86.8
85.1
83.0
<0.01
85.4
85.4
85.3
85.2
0.74
MetS (%)
23.4
25.6
24.1
22.5
0.62
22.1
21.4
22.3
27.5
0.02
28.0
22.8
22.5
21.8
0.01
Abdominal obesity (%)
43.4
44.0
42.5
46.4
0.36
43.5
43.5
45.6
44.2
0.51
50.0
43.7
43.1
39.6
<0.001
High TG (%)
27.8
31.8
29.1
28.1
0.87
22.8
23.2
27.2
37.6
<0.001
30.6
29.2
31.4
25.1
0.03
Low HDL-C (%)
57.0
61.5
55.0
50.7
<0.01
50.1
51.2
50.3
66.3
<0.001
56.5
55.6
58.1
54.1
0.49
High BP (%)
22.1
23.1
24.8
22.8
0.61
23.7
25.4
24.9
20.4
0.09
25.5
23.4
19.8
23.8
0.19
Hyperglycemia (%)
6.6
9.9
10.2
12.2
0.001
13.3
9.5
8.7
8.1
0.021
11.4
8.8
8.2
9.6
0.29
Alcohol drinker (%)
0.5
1.1
1.7
3.6
<0.001
0.9
0.7
3.0
1.8
0.02
2.3
2.2
1.3
0.9
<0.01
Low LTPA (%)
79.9
84.7
82.0
83.3
0.21
83.3
83.7
82.1
81.5
0.34
90.5
82.9
81.1
73.6
<0.001
Menopause (%)
23.3
22.0
22.6
23.0
0.88
23.6
22.3
23.9
21.6
0.27
21.7
23.1
23.1
23.1
0.38
BMI: body mass index. WC: waist circumference. High TG: high triglycerides. HDL-C: high density-lipoprotein cholesterol. FPG: fasting plasma glucose. SBP: systolic blood pressure. LTPA: leisure time physical activity. Alcohol drinker: consumed alcohol >41 gm/day for men and >21 gm/day for women.
