Modulation of Metabolic Detoxification Pathways Using Foods and Food-Derived Components: A Scientific Review with Clinical Application

Table 6

(a) In vivo example nutrient inducers of sulfotransferases (SULTs). (b) Selected dietary sources of sulfur-containing compounds (adapted from [110]).

(a)

Enzyme	Food, beverage, or bioactive compounds; Food sources in italics	Type of study	Dosages used and references
SULTs	Caffeine; Coffee, cocoa, black tea, and green tea [111]	In vivo	2, 10, and 50 mg/kg caffeine [107]
	Retinoic acid (bioactive form of vitamin A); Meat (especially liver), fish, egg, and dairy products contain retinol; apple, apricot, artichokes, arugula, asparagus, and other plant foods contain provitamin A carotenes [111]	In vivo	2, 10, and 50 mg/kg/d retinoic acid suspension in corn oil [108]

(b)

Animal products	Fish, shellfish, lamb, beef, chicken, pork, duck, goose, turkey, egg, and cheese
Legumes	Lentils, peas, and butter beans
Grains	Barley, oatmeal
Vegetables and fruits	Cabbage, horseradish, Brussel sprouts, leeks, cress, haricot beans, apricots, peaches, spinach, and watercress
Nuts and seeds	Brazil nuts, almonds, peanuts, and walnuts
Herbs and spices	Mustard, ginger