| Enzyme | Food, beverage, or bioactive compounds Food sources in italics | Type of study | Dosages used and references |
| | Cruciferous vegetables | Clinical, observational | Approximately 5 and 10 servings/d of cruciferous vegetables including frozen broccoli, cauliflower, fresh cabbage (red and green), and fresh radish sprouts [114] >31.2 g/d cruciferous vegetables [115] 4.5 cups of cruciferous vegetables/d, including 0.5 cups of radish sprouts, 1 cup of frozen cauliflower, 2 cups of frozen broccoli, and 1 cup of fresh cabbage [116] 300 g/d cooked Brussels sprouts [117] | | Allium vegetables | Clinical | 3 tbsp fresh chives, 1.33 cups of fresh leeks, 1 tsp garlic, and 0.5 cups of fresh onion [116] | | Resveratrol Grapes, wine, peanuts, soy, and itadori tea [32] | Clinical | 1 g/d resveratrol [28]: note high dose used | | Citrus | Observational, in vivo | >76 g/d citrus [115] 20 mg limonoid mixture every 2 days [124] | | Garlic | In vivo | 30 to 200 mg/kg garlic oil [36] 80 and 200 mg/kg garlic oil 3 times weekly [70] | GSTs | Fish oil | In vivo | 20.5 g/kg fish oil [36]: note high dose used | | Black soybean | In vivo | 1 g/kg black soybean seed coat extract [44] | | Purple sweet potato | In vivo | 100 and 200 mg/kg anthocyanin extract from purple sweet potato [118] | | Curcumin | In vivo | Diet of 2% curcumin [119] | | Green tea | In vivo | Equivalent of 4 cups/d (200 mL each) of green tea [120] | | Rooibos tea | In vivo | Rooibos tea as sole beverage; concentration 2 g tea leaves/100 mL water steeped for 30 minutes [93] | | Honeybush tea | In vivo | Honeybush tea as sole beverage; concentration 4 g tea leaves/100 mL water steeped for 30 minutes [93] | | Ellagic acid Berries, pomegranate, grapes, walnuts, and blackcurrants [42] | In vivo | 30 mg/kg/d ellagic acid [43] | | Rosemary | In vivo | 20 mg/kg carnosic acid 3 times weekly [121] | | Ghee (clarified butter) | In vivo | 19.5 mg CLA (conjugated linoleic acid)/g fat [122] | | Genistein (kidney GSTs) Fermented soy (e.g., miso, tempeh) contains up to 40% bioavailable genistein versus 1% or less in other soy products [125] | In vivo | 1.5 g/kg genistein [123]: note high dose used |
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| Enzyme | Food, beverage, or bioactive compounds Food sources in italics | Type of study | Dosages used and references |
| | Apiaceous vegetables | Clinical | 1 tsp fresh dill weed, 0.5 cups of fresh celery, 3 tbsp. fresh parsley, 1.25 cups of grated parsnips, and 0.75 cups of frozen carrots [116] |
GSTs | Quercetin Apple, apricot, blueberries, yellow onion, kale, and alfalfa sprouts, green beans, broccoli, black tea, and chili powder [47, 48] | In vivo | 2 g/kg quercetin [126]: note high dose used | | Genistein (liver GSTs) Fermented soy (e.g., miso, tempeh) containsup to 40% bioavailable genistein, versus 1% or less in other soy products [125] | In vivo | 1.5 g/kg genistein [123]: note high dose used |
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| Vitamin B6 | Turkey, pork, chicken, beef, amaranth, lentils, pistachio nuts, sunflower seeds, garlic, and prunes |
| Magnesium | Nuts, seeds, beans, and whole grains |
| Selenium | Brazil nuts, pork, turkey, lamb, chicken, and egg |
| Methionine | Turkey, pork, chicken, beef, egg, Brazil nuts, soybean, sesame seeds, and spirulina |
| Cystine | Pork, turkey, chicken, egg, soybean, spirulina, sesame seeds, and oats |
| Glycine | Turkey, pork, chicken, amaranth, soybean, peanuts, pumpkin seed, and beef |
| Folate (dietary form of folic acid) | Mung bean, adzuki bean, and other legumes, liver, sunflower seeds, quinoa, spinach, asparagus, avocados, mustard greens, and artichokes |
| Alpha-lipoic acid | Spinach, broccoli, tomato, peas, Brussels sprouts, and visceral meats [127, 128] |
| Functional foods | Turmeric, milk thistle, cruciferous vegetables, and artichoke [129–133] |
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