Table 1: Nanoparticles used in the present study.

Type Name Source Method of production ID Density (g/cc)a Surface area (m2/g) Surface charge (pHpzc)b Diameter (nm)c Silica dioxide (SiO2) Aerosil 90 Degussa Corp. Continuous flame hydrolysis Aero90 2.2 76.5 2.0 35.6 Aerosil 130 Degussa Corp. Aero130 2.2 105.1 26 Aerosil 200 Degussa Corp. Aero200 2.2 190.6 14.3 Aerosil 300 Degussa Corp. Aero300 2.2 284.8 9.6   Standard alumina powder Allied High Tech Products Proprietary calcining Std Al 3.69 24.1   67.5 Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) Alumina     Al1520 3.69 92.3 8.2–9.1 17.6   Gamma alumina powder, type N Allied High Tech Products Proprietary calcining Al γ-α 3.69 102.9   15.8   8–840     8-840 3.9 7.5   204.1   9–780   Temperature annealing 9-780 3.9 12.6 ± 0.9c   122.3   7–660 University of Delaware   7-660 3.9 33.6   45.8   SL1   Sol-gel SL1 3.9 36.2   42.5   10–600   Temperature annealing 10-600 3.9 36.6   42 Titanium dioxide (TiO2) P25 Degussa Corp. Liquid-gas phase synthesis P25 3.9 44.0 ± 2.9c 5.4–6.5 35.1   SL2 University of Delaware Sol-gel SL2 3.9 87.7   30.3   Wo5 Dong et al. [63] Reverse micelle Wo5 3.9     18.7   Reade 5 Nanostructured and Amorphous Materials, Inc. Wet-chemistry precipitation R5 3.9 290.5 ± 8.2c   5.3   Reade 10 Nanostructured and Amorphous Materials, Inc. Wet-chemistry precipitation R10 3.9 319.3   4.8   U100 Sachtleben Chemicals Sol-gel U1100 3.9 322.4   4.8

a: references for NP density: (TiO2) [31], [63]; (SiO2) [64] (Al2O3) [64, 65]. b: references for surface charges (Al2O3 and SiO2) [30]; (TiO2) [66]. c: diameter of NP calculated from ; where is the diameter of the particle (nm), is the density of the particle (g/cm3), and is the specific surface area of the NP (m2/g) measured by N2-BET. d: 9–780, P25, and R5 were measured in triplicate ±1 standard deviation shown.