A multilayered ferritin bio-nanobattery for high coulomb capacity, high efficiency, compact size, and flexible applications. The anodic and cathodic battery components are formed by alternating layers of oppositely charged ferritins. The blue is the anodic layer, and the red is the cathodic layer. The yellow membrane between the two layers is not needed if excess ferritins are not present. The image on the upper right is a SEM image of five layers of ferritin. The image on the lower right is an AFM image of five ferritin layers.
