| Nr. | Plants | Nanoparticle | Shape | Nanoparticle size (nm) | Precursor solution | Characterization techniques | Additional catalyst(s) or control variables | Applications of NPs | Conclusion | Reference |
| 1 | Medicago sativa L. | Au | Icosahedral | 2–20 | HAuCl4 | XAS, TEM, EDS | Nutrient solution with agar-agar, 1 g/200 Au, 5.8 pH, 12 h photoperiod, 25/18°C day/night | — | Synthesis of AuNPs in living plants was confirmed | Gardea-Torresdey et al. [79] | 2 | Medicago sativa L. | Ag | Nanocrystalline | 2–35 | AgNO3 | SSRL, XANES, EXAFS, SEM, EDS, STEM, HAADF | Medium with chloride salts, AgNO3 concentrations (0, 40, 80, 160, 320 mg/l), pH 5.8, 12 h light/12 h dark photoperiod at 25 and 18°C | — | Synthesis of Ag NPs in living plants was confirmed | Gardea-Torresdey et al. [80] | 3 | Medicago sativa L. Brassica juncea, (L.) Czern. | Ag | Multiple shapes | ∼50 | 1,000 ppm AgNO3 | TEM, EDX, PIXE, AAS | Concentration of Ag nitrate (500, 1,000, 2,500, and 10,000 ppm) The exposure times (24, 48, 72 h) | — | Synthesis of Ag NPs in living plants was confirmed | Harris and Bali [81] | 4 | Medicago sativa L. Brassica juncea. (L.) Czern Festuca rubra L. | Ag | Multiple shapes | Multiple sizes | AgNO3 | TEM, TEM X-ray, ICP-OES | Hoagland’s solution, replaced every 7 days, a cycle of 30 days, fluorescence lamps with a 16:8-h (light/dark) photoperiod, 22°C ± 2°C. | Plant metabolism parameters | Synthesis of Ag NPs in living plants was confirmed | Marchiol et al. [82] | 5 | Medicago sativa L. Three types of Iranian alfalfa plants (Nikshahri, Hamedani, and Yazdi) | Au | Crystalline | Multiple sizes | HAuCl4 | UV-Vis, SEM, XRD | MS medium (25 ± 2°C 16 h, fluorescent light) | — | Synthesis of AuNPs in living plants was confirmed | Keshavarzi et al. [83] | 6 | Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. | Au, Ag, Cu | Multiple shapes | 5–50 | HAuCl4, AgNO3, CuCl | AAS, TEM, STEM, EDX, HAADF | Metal rich soil was produced, after 9 weeks of growth, biomass was harvested | — | Synthesis of Au, Ag, and Cu NPs in living plants was confirmed | Haverkamp et al. [84] | 7 | Sesbania drummondii (Rydb.) Cory | Au | 6–20 | Spherical | HAuCl4 | TEM, XANES, EXAFS | Sterile agar-water medium seedlings were grown at 25 ± 2°C; 16 h light and 8 h dark regime of cool fluorescent light for 6 d | — | Synthesis of AuNPs in living plants was confirmed | Sharma et al. [85] | 8 | Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. | Ag | 2–35 | Multiple shapes | AgNO3, Na3Ag (S2O3)2 Ag (NH3)2 NO3 | XANES, AAS, TEM | 100 mL pots, standard Hoagland solution (pH = 5.5), solution was replaced every 2-3 days. A high-pressure sodium lamp (600 W) on a 16 h light/8 h dark cycle for 5 weeks, growth in Ag solution for 2 days | — | Synthesis of Ag NPs in living plants was confirmed | Haverkam, Marshall [86] | 9 | Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. | Ag, Au | Spherical | 2–100 | AgNO3, Ag (NH3)2 NO3 or HAuCl4 | TEM, XAS | Hoagland (pH 5.5 solution), replaced every 1-2 days, 16 h light/8 h dark cycle, growth in metal ion solution for 24 h | — | Au and Ag NPs were found in leaves, stems, and roots | Beattie, Haverkamp [87] |
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