Table 2: Overview of current clinical trials in the field of HNSCC targeting NRs. The NCI protocol ID is given in bold (for further details see: http://www.cancer.gov/CLINICALTRIALS).

NR Clinical trial / identifier Drug Tumor entity Phase PPAR Pioglitazone in Preventing Head and Neck Cancer in Patients With Oral Leukoplakia/NCT00099021 Pioglitazone Head and Neck Cancer Precancerous/Nonmalignant Condition Phase II ongoing Rosiglitazone in Preventing Oral Cancer in Patients With Oral Leukoplakia/NCT00369174 Rosiglitazone Head and Neck Cancer Precancerous/Nonmalignant Condition Phase II completed RAR Chemoprevention Study of Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma/NCT00201279 13-cis Retinoic acid Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma Phase III completed Isotretinoin Plus Interferon in Treating Patients With Recurrent Cancer/NCT00002506 Isotretinoin (combined with Interferon a) Head and Neck Cancer Esophageal Cancer Phase II ongoing Isotretinoin, Interferon Alpha, and Vitamin E in Treating Patients With Stage III or Stage IV Head and Neck Cancer/NCT00054561 Isotretinoin (combined with Interferon a and Vitamin E) Head and Neck Cancer Phase III completed ER Combination Chemotherapy and Tamoxifen in Treating Patients With Solid Tumors/NCT00002608 Tamoxifen (combined with Cisplatin and Doxorubicin) Head and Neck Cancer Phase II completed