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| Study | Visualization with planar imaging | Visualization with SPECT/CT | Additional sentinel nodes visualized with SPECT/CT | Main conclusions with regards to imaging |
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| Even-Sapir et al. [12] | Multiple drainage basins: 11% | Multiple drainage basins: 33% Additional clinical relevant information with SPECT/CT: 44% | In 3 out of 9 patients 1 false positive node excluded | SPECT/CT provides additional data of clinical relevance in patients with trunk or head and neck melanoma and patients with mucosal head and neck tumor. |
| Wagner et al. [13] | 38 sentinel nodes | Sentinel node visualization with planar imaging and SPECT/CT: 90% 49 sentinel nodes | 11 sentinel nodes | SPECT/CT is feasible for sentinel node detection. SPECT/CT enhances topographic orientation and diagnostic sensitivity. SPECT/CT is necessary to identify nodes adjacent to the primary lesion. |
| Lopez et al. [14] | Sentinel node visualization: 100% | Localization of the sentinel nodes in 9/10 patients | | Multimodal registration is an effective method for anatomic localization of the sentinel nodes in N0 oral squamous cell carcinoma. |
| Thomsen et al. [15] | 99 sentinel nodes | SPECT/CT and added oblique planar images: 123 sentinel nodes | 24 extra sentinel nodes found with SPECT/CT in combination with added oblique planar images | Added oblique planar images and/or SPECT/CT detect extra clinical relevant hotspots in 38% of the patients. Sentinel lymph nodes close to injection area are difficult to find. |
| Terada et al. [16] | | Sentinel node visualization with planar imaging and SPECT/CT: 100% | | Intraoperative sentinel node biopsy based on SPECT/CT images is an easy, accurate, and reliable method. Analysing the three hottest sentinel nodes reliably predicts a patients neck status. |
| Bilde et al. [17] | 88 sentinel nodes | Sentinel node visualization: 94% 107 sentinel nodes | 19 sentinel nodes In 15 out of 32 patients (47%) | Correction of anatomic level with SPECT/CT in 22%. Reclassification of anatomic level during surgery in 22%. SPECT/CT detects more sentinel nodes and provides additional anatomical and spatial information. |
| Khafif et al. [18] | | Sentinel node visualization with planar imaging and SPECT/CT: 95% SPECT/CT added significant anatomical preoperative information in 6 out of 20 patients (30%) | Additional sentinel nodes seen in 2 patients (metastatic sentinel node in 1) Exclusion of sentinel nodes in 4 patients (all activity at injection site) | SPECT/CT sentinel node mapping provides additional preoperative data of clinical relevance. |
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| Keski-Säntti et al. [19] | Sentinel node visualization: 100% | Sentinel node visualization: 100% Additional data provided by SPECT/CT was considered clinical relevant in 6 out of 15 patients (40%) | 1 additional sentinel node visualized 2 false positive nodes excluded | SPECT/CT enables more accurate localization of sentinel nodes. SPECT/CT rarely reveals sentinel nodes that are not detected on planar images. |
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| Covarelli et al. [20] | Sentinel node visualization: 83% 12 sentinel nodes in 12 patients | Sentinel node visualization: 100% 13 sentinel nodes in 12 patients | | SPECT/CT is more effective and reliable than planar lymphoscintigraphy. Sentinel node biopsy takes significantly less time in the SPECT/CT group. |
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