Conducting Molecular Epidemiological Research in the Age of HIPAA: A Multi-Institutional Case-Control Study of Breast Cancer in African-American and European-American Women
Table 4
Characteristics of 559 African American breast cancer cases.
New Jersey
New York
N (226)
%
N (333)
%
Age at interview
40
20
8.9
41
12.3
50–59
154
68.1
232
69.7
60
52
23.0
60
18.0
Highest grade of school completed1
Less than 11th grade
20
8.9
74
22.2
High school graduate or equivalent
63
27.9
92
27.6
Some college
76
33.6
84
25.2
College graduate
43
19.0
55
16.5
Postgraduate degree
24
10.6
28
8.4
Health insurance (multiple choices possible)
Medicaid1
18
8.0
69
20.7
Medicare
16
7.1
23
6.9
Employer-provided insurance1
169
74.8
159
47.8
Pay for insurance out of pocket
10
4.4
8
2.4
I do not have health insurance1
20
8.9
75
22.5
Other
10
4.4
9
2.7
BMI
Underweight
1
0.5
5
1.6
Normal
28
14.1
50
16.3
Overweight
59
29.8
97
31.6
Obese
110
55.6
155
50.5
First degree relative with breast cancer
Yes
37
16.4
45
13.5
No
189
83.6
288
86.5
Age at menarche
11
27
12.0
45
13.5
11–13
82
36.4
125
37.5
13
116
51.6
163
49.0
ER status
Positive
45
68.3
76
63.8
Negative
97
31.7
134
36.2
Grade
Well-differentiated
15
8.2
20
8.9
Moderately differentiated
72
39.3
90
40.0
Poorly differentiated
96
52.5
115
51.1
Histologic type1
DCIS
43
20.8
30
13.0
Invasive
164
79.2
201
87.0
1P < .05, Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate, for differences between states.
