TGF-β Superfamily Receptors—Targets for Antiangiogenic Therapy?

Table 1

Overview of preclinical and clinical studies using agents targeted at TGF-𝛽 family members.

Class of substance	Target	Drug	Study
Human anti-TGF-𝛽 mAb	TGF-𝛽	GC1008	Phase I study on renal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma (NCT00356460 and NCT00899444) [84]
TGF-𝛽2 antisense compound	TGF-𝛽2	AP12009	Phase I study on pancreatic and colorectal neoplasms and melanoma (NCT00844064)
			Phase II study on glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma (NCT00431561) [85, 86]
			Phase III study on anaplastic astrocytoma (NCT00761280)
		Belagenpumatucel-L	Phase II study on advanced nonsmall lung cancer (NCT01058785) [87]
TGF-𝛽 type I and type II receptor small molecule inhibitor	TGF-𝛽 type I and type II receptors	LY2109761	Preclinical studies [88–94]
Human anti-ALK-1 mAb	ALK-1	PF-03446962	Phase I on advanced solid tumors (NCT00557856)
ALK-5 small molecule inhibitor	ALK-5	SB431542	Preclinical studies [95, 96]
		SD208	Preclinical studies [97, 98]
		SM16	Preclinical studies [78, 99]
Chimeric antiEndoglin antibody	Endoglin	TRC105	Phase I on advanced or metastatic solid cancer (NCT00582985) [100]