Ganglioside GM3 Is Antiangiogenic in Malignant Brain Cancer

Figure 4

Ganglioside shift reduces growth, VEGF gene and protein expression, and vascularity in the CT-2A astrocytoma: Control untransfected CT-2A (C), CT-2A transfected with empty vector alone (V), and CT-2A transfected with the antisense sequence to the GalNAc-T gene (T). (a) The values are expressed as mean mg wet $\text{weight}\pm \text{SE}{.}^{*}$: significant compared to control C and V tumors at the $P<.01$ level. CT-2A ($n\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}=10$), CT-2A/V ($n\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}=\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}12$), and CT-2A/TNG ($n\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}=\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}14$) independent tumors. (b) RT-PCR and Western blot for VEGF. Other details are in [7]. (c) Vascularity determined using factor VIII-immunostained microvessels per $\times$200 field (hpf, high-powered field) from tissue sections as we described [7].

(a)

(b)

(c)