Ganglioside GM3 Is Antiangiogenic in Malignant Brain Cancer

Figure 5

Ganglioside shift reduces VEGF, HIF-1$\alpha$, and NP-1 gene expression in CT-2A- cultured cells: Control untransfected CT-2A (C), CT-2A transfected with empty vector alone (V), and CT-2A transfected with the anti-sense sequence to (a) the GalNAc-T gene (T). VEGF (multiple splice variants: 400–600 bp), HIF-1$\alpha$ (365 bp), and NP-1 (551 bp) amplification products were detected in each tumor cell line. Experimental conditions are as we described [7]. The gene to $\beta$-actin levels are expressed as the means of three independent $\text{samples}\pm \text{SE}{.}^{*}$: Significant compared to control C and V cells at (b) the $P<.01$.

(a)

(b)