Contact Endoscopy as a Novel Technique in the Detection and Diagnosis of Mucosal Lesions in the Head and Neck: A Brief Review

Table 1

Summary of efficacy data from prospective contact endoscopy trials.

Author	Study type	Number of patients	Number of males (M) and females (F)	Average age (age range)	Type of institution	Head and neck subsites	Type of lesions examined	Sensitivity %	Specificity %	Accuracy %
Warnecke et al. [30]	Prospective	42	M = 30 F = 12	55.6 (21–76)	Tertiary	Pharynx, hypopharynx, larynx	Normal and inflamed mucosa, dysplasia, SCC	90	93.8	88
Cikojević et al. [4]	Prospective	142	M = 101 F = 41	N/A (19–81)	Tertiary	Larynx	Benign, hyperplasia, dysplasia (grades I, II, III), papilloma, CIS, SCC	79.6	100	93
Tarnawski et al. [31]	Prospective	54	M = 22 F = 17	51.9 (47–69)	Tertiary	Larynx	Normal mucosa, mild & severe dysplasia, SCC	91	81	N/A
Pak et al. [32]	Prospective	64	M = 54 F = 10	42 (21–77)	Tertiary	Nasopharynx	Metaplasi, atypia, granulation tissue, carcinoma	100	100	92.1
Arens et al. [26]	Prospective	83	N/A	N/A	Tertriary	Larynx	Normal mucosa, dysplasia (grades I, II, III).	94.7	95.5	94

N/A=not available; CIS=carcinoma in situ; SCC=squamous cell carcinoma.